// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package net
import (
"context"
"internal/nettrace"
"internal/poll"
"syscall"
"time"
)
// defaultTCPKeepAlive is a default constant value for TCPKeepAlive times
// See golang.org/issue/31510
const (
defaultTCPKeepAlive = 15 * time.Second
)
// A Dialer contains options for connecting to an address.
//
// The zero value for each field is equivalent to dialing
// without that option. Dialing with the zero value of Dialer
// is therefore equivalent to just calling the Dial function.
type Dialer struct {
// Timeout is the maximum amount of time a dial will wait for
// a connect to complete. If Deadline is also set, it may fail
// earlier.
//
// The default is no timeout.
//
// When using TCP and dialing a host name with multiple IP
// addresses, the timeout may be divided between them.
//
// With or without a timeout, the operating system may impose
// its own earlier timeout. For instance, TCP timeouts are
// often around 3 minutes.
Timeout time.Duration
// Deadline is the absolute point in time after which dials
// will fail. If Timeout is set, it may fail earlier.
// Zero means no deadline, or dependent on the operating system
// as with the Timeout option.
Deadline time.Time
// LocalAddr is the local address to use when dialing an
// address. The address must be of a compatible type for the
// network being dialed.
// If nil, a local address is automatically chosen.
LocalAddr Addr
// DualStack previously enabled RFC 6555 Fast Fallback
// support, also known as "Happy Eyeballs", in which IPv4 is
// tried soon if IPv6 appears to be misconfigured and
// hanging.
//
// Deprecated: Fast Fallback is enabled by default. To
// disable, set FallbackDelay to a negative value.
DualStack bool
// FallbackDelay specifies the length of time to wait before
// spawning a RFC 6555 Fast Fallback connection. That is, this
// is the amount of time to wait for IPv6 to succeed before
// assuming that IPv6 is misconfigured and falling back to
// IPv4.
//
// If zero, a default delay of 300ms is used.
// A negative value disables Fast Fallback support.
FallbackDelay time.Duration
// KeepAlive specifies the interval between keep-alive
// probes for an active network connection.
// If zero, keep-alive probes are sent with a default value
// (currently 15 seconds), if supported by the protocol and operating
// system. Network protocols or operating systems that do
// not support keep-alives ignore this field.
// If negative, keep-alive probes are disabled.
KeepAlive time.Duration
// Resolver optionally specifies an alternate resolver to use.
Resolver *Resolver
// Cancel is an optional channel whose closure indicates that
// the dial should be canceled. Not all types of dials support
// cancellation.
//
// Deprecated: Use DialContext instead.
Cancel <-chan struct{}
// If Control is not nil, it is called after creating the network
// connection but before actually dialing.
//
// Network and address parameters passed to Control method are not
// necessarily the ones passed to Dial. For example, passing "tcp" to Dial
// will cause the Control function to be called with "tcp4" or "tcp6".
Control func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error
}
func (d *Dialer) dualStack() bool { return d.FallbackDelay >= 0 }
func minNonzeroTime(a, b time.Time) time.Time {
if a.IsZero() {
return b
}
if b.IsZero() || a.Before(b) {
return a
}
return b
}
// deadline returns the earliest of:
// - now+Timeout
// - d.Deadline
// - the context's deadline
// Or zero, if none of Timeout, Deadline, or context's deadline is set.
func (d *Dialer) deadline(ctx context.Context, now time.Time) (earliest time.Time) {
if d.Timeout != 0 { // including negative, for historical reasons
earliest = now.Add(d.Timeout)
}
if d, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
earliest = minNonzeroTime(earliest, d)
}
return minNonzeroTime(earliest, d.Deadline)
}
func (d *Dialer) resolver() *Resolver {
if d.Resolver != nil {
return d.Resolver
}
return DefaultResolver
}
// partialDeadline returns the deadline to use for a single address,
// when multiple addresses are pending.
func partialDeadline(now, deadline time.Time, addrsRemaining int) (time.Time, error) {
if deadline.IsZero() {
return deadline, nil
}
timeRemaining := deadline.Sub(now)
if timeRemaining <= 0 {
return time.Time{}, poll.ErrTimeout
}
// Tentatively allocate equal time to each remaining address.
timeout := timeRemaining / time.Duration(addrsRemaining)
// If the time per address is too short, steal from the end of the list.
const saneMinimum = 2 * time.Second
if timeout < saneMinimum {
if timeRemaining < saneMinimum {
timeout = timeRemaining
} else {
timeout = saneMinimum
}
}
return now.Add(timeout), nil
}
func (d *Dialer) fallbackDelay() time.Duration {
if d.FallbackDelay > 0 {
return d.FallbackDelay
} else {
return 300 * time.Millisecond
}
}
func parseNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, needsProto bool) (afnet string, proto int, err error) {
i := last(network, ':')
if i < 0 { // no colon
switch network {
case "tcp", "tcp4", "tcp6":
case "udp", "udp4", "udp6":
case "ip", "ip4", "ip6":
if needsProto {
return "", 0, UnknownNetworkError(network)
}
case "unix", "unixgram", "unixpacket":
default:
return "", 0, UnknownNetworkError(network)
}
return network, 0, nil
}
afnet = network[:i]
switch afnet {
case "ip", "ip4", "ip6":
protostr := network[i+1:]
proto, i, ok := dtoi(protostr)
if !ok || i != len(protostr) {
proto, err = lookupProtocol(ctx, protostr)
if err != nil {
return "", 0, err
}
}
return afnet, proto, nil
}
return "", 0, UnknownNetworkError(network)
}
// resolveAddrList resolves addr using hint and returns a list of
// addresses. The result contains at least one address when error is
// nil.
func (r *Resolver) resolveAddrList(ctx context.Context, op, network, addr string, hint Addr) (addrList, error) {
afnet, _, err := parseNetwork(ctx, network, true)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if op == "dial" && addr == "" {
return nil, errMissingAddress
}
switch afnet {
case "unix", "unixgram", "unixpacket":
addr, err := ResolveUnixAddr(afnet, addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if op == "dial" && hint != nil && addr.Network() != hint.Network() {
return nil, &AddrError{Err: "mismatched local address type", Addr: hint.String()}
}
return addrList{addr}, nil
}
addrs, err := r.internetAddrList(ctx, afnet, addr)
if err != nil || op != "dial" || hint == nil {
return addrs, err
}
var (
tcp *TCPAddr
udp *UDPAddr
ip *IPAddr
wildcard bool
)
switch hint := hint.(type) {
case *TCPAddr:
tcp = hint
wildcard = tcp.isWildcard()
case *UDPAddr:
udp = hint
wildcard = udp.isWildcard()
case *IPAddr:
ip = hint
wildcard = ip.isWildcard()
}
naddrs := addrs[:0]
for _, addr := range addrs {
if addr.Network() != hint.Network() {
return nil, &AddrError{Err: "mismatched local address type", Addr: hint.String()}
}
switch addr := addr.(type) {
case *TCPAddr:
if !wildcard && !addr.isWildcard() && !addr.IP.matchAddrFamily(tcp.IP) {
continue
}
naddrs = append(naddrs, addr)
case *UDPAddr:
if !wildcard && !addr.isWildcard() && !addr.IP.matchAddrFamily(udp.IP) {
continue
}
naddrs = append(naddrs, addr)
case *IPAddr:
if !wildcard && !addr.isWildcard() && !addr.IP.matchAddrFamily(ip.IP) {
continue
}
naddrs = append(naddrs, addr)
}
}
if len(naddrs) == 0 {
return nil, &AddrError{Err: errNoSuitableAddress.Error(), Addr: hint.String()}
}
return naddrs, nil
}
// Dial connects to the address on the named network.
//
// Known networks are "tcp", "tcp4" (IPv4-only), "tcp6" (IPv6-only),
// "udp", "udp4" (IPv4-only), "udp6" (IPv6-only), "ip", "ip4"
// (IPv4-only), "ip6" (IPv6-only), "unix", "unixgram" and
// "unixpacket".
//
// For TCP and UDP networks, the address has the form "host:port".
// The host must be a literal IP address, or a host name that can be
// resolved to IP addresses.
// The port must be a literal port number or a service name.
// If the host is a literal IPv6 address it must be enclosed in square
// brackets, as in "[2001:db8::1]:80" or "[fe80::1%zone]:80".
// The zone specifies the scope of the literal IPv6 address as defined
// in RFC 4007.
// The functions JoinHostPort and SplitHostPort manipulate a pair of
// host and port in this form.
// When using TCP, and the host resolves to multiple IP addresses,
// Dial will try each IP address in order until one succeeds.
//
// Examples:
// Dial("tcp", "golang.org:http")
// Dial("tcp", "192.0.2.1:http")
// Dial("tcp", "198.51.100.1:80")
// Dial("udp", "[2001:db8::1]:domain")
// Dial("udp", "[fe80::1%lo0]:53")
// Dial("tcp", ":80")
//
// For IP networks, the network must be "ip", "ip4" or "ip6" followed
// by a colon and a literal protocol number or a protocol name, and
// the address has the form "host". The host must be a literal IP
// address or a literal IPv6 address with zone.
// It depends on each operating system how the operating system
// behaves with a non-well known protocol number such as "0" or "255".
//
// Examples:
// Dial("ip4:1", "192.0.2.1")
// Dial("ip6:ipv6-icmp", "2001:db8::1")
// Dial("ip6:58", "fe80::1%lo0")
//
// For TCP, UDP and IP networks, if the host is empty or a literal
// unspecified IP address, as in ":80", "0.0.0.0:80" or "[::]:80" for
// TCP and UDP, "", "0.0.0.0" or "::" for IP, the local system is
// assumed.
//
// For Unix networks, the address must be a file system path.
func Dial(network, address string) (Conn, error) {
var d Dialer
return d.Dial(network, address)
}
// DialTimeout acts like Dial but takes a timeout.
//
// The timeout includes name resolution, if required.
// When using TCP, and the host in the address parameter resolves to
// multiple IP addresses, the timeout is spread over each consecutive
// dial, such that each is given an appropriate fraction of the time
// to connect.
//
// See func Dial for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func DialTimeout(network, address string, timeout time.Duration) (Conn, error) {
d := Dialer{Timeout: timeout}
return d.Dial(network, address)
}
// sysDialer contains a Dial's parameters and configuration.
type sysDialer struct {
Dialer
network, address string
}
// Dial connects to the address on the named network.
//
// See func Dial for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func (d *Dialer) Dial(network, address string) (Conn, error) {
return d.DialContext(context.Background(), network, address)
}
// DialContext connects to the address on the named network using
// the provided context.
//
// The provided Context must be non-nil. If the context expires before
// the connection is complete, an error is returned. Once successfully
// connected, any expiration of the context will not affect the
// connection.
//
// When using TCP, and the host in the address parameter resolves to multiple
// network addresses, any dial timeout (from d.Timeout or ctx) is spread
// over each consecutive dial, such that each is given an appropriate
// fraction of the time to connect.
// For example, if a host has 4 IP addresses and the timeout is 1 minute,
// the connect to each single address will be given 15 seconds to complete
// before trying the next one.
//
// See func Dial for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func (d *Dialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (Conn, error) {
if ctx == nil {
panic("nil context")
}
deadline := d.deadline(ctx, time.Now())
if !deadline.IsZero() {
if d, ok := ctx.Deadline(); !ok || deadline.Before(d) {
subCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, deadline)
defer cancel()
ctx = subCtx
}
}
if oldCancel := d.Cancel; oldCancel != nil {
subCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
defer cancel()
go func() {
select {
case <-oldCancel:
cancel()
case <-subCtx.Done():
}
}()
ctx = subCtx
}
// Shadow the nettrace (if any) during resolve so Connect events don't fire for DNS lookups.
resolveCtx := ctx
if trace, _ := ctx.Value(nettrace.TraceKey{}).(*nettrace.Trace); trace != nil {
shadow := *trace
shadow.ConnectStart = nil
shadow.ConnectDone = nil
resolveCtx = context.WithValue(resolveCtx, nettrace.TraceKey{}, &shadow)
}
addrs, err := d.resolver().resolveAddrList(resolveCtx, "dial", network, address, d.LocalAddr)
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: network, Source: nil, Addr: nil, Err: err}
}
sd := &sysDialer{
Dialer: *d,
network: network,
address: address,
}
var primaries, fallbacks addrList
if d.dualStack() && network == "tcp" {
primaries, fallbacks = addrs.partition(isIPv4)
} else {
primaries = addrs
}
var c Conn
if len(fallbacks) > 0 {
c, err = sd.dialParallel(ctx, primaries, fallbacks)
} else {
c, err = sd.dialSerial(ctx, primaries)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if tc, ok := c.(*TCPConn); ok && d.KeepAlive >= 0 {
setKeepAlive(tc.fd, true)
ka := d.KeepAlive
if d.KeepAlive == 0 {
ka = defaultTCPKeepAlive
}
setKeepAlivePeriod(tc.fd, ka)
testHookSetKeepAlive(ka)
}
return c, nil
}
// dialParallel races two copies of dialSerial, giving the first a
// head start. It returns the first established connection and
// closes the others. Otherwise it returns an error from the first
// primary address.
func (sd *sysDialer) dialParallel(ctx context.Context, primaries, fallbacks addrList) (Conn, error) {
if len(fallbacks) == 0 {
return sd.dialSerial(ctx, primaries)
}
returned := make(chan struct{})
defer close(returned)
type dialResult struct {
Conn
error
primary bool
done bool
}
results := make(chan dialResult) // unbuffered
startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, primary bool) {
ras := primaries
if !primary {
ras = fallbacks
}
c, err := sd.dialSerial(ctx, ras)
select {
case results <- dialResult{Conn: c, error: err, primary: primary, done: true}:
case <-returned:
if c != nil {
c.Close()
}
}
}
var primary, fallback dialResult
// Start the main racer.
primaryCtx, primaryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
defer primaryCancel()
go startRacer(primaryCtx, true)
// Start the timer for the fallback racer.
fallbackTimer := time.NewTimer(sd.fallbackDelay())
defer fallbackTimer.Stop()
for {
select {
case <-fallbackTimer.C:
fallbackCtx, fallbackCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
defer fallbackCancel()
go startRacer(fallbackCtx, false)
case res := <-results:
if res.error == nil {
return res.Conn, nil
}
if res.primary {
primary = res
} else {
fallback = res
}
if primary.done && fallback.done {
return nil, primary.error
}
if res.primary && fallbackTimer.Stop() {
// If we were able to stop the timer, that means it
// was running (hadn't yet started the fallback), but
// we just got an error on the primary path, so start
// the fallback immediately (in 0 nanoseconds).
fallbackTimer.Reset(0)
}
}
}
}
// dialSerial connects to a list of addresses in sequence, returning
// either the first successful connection, or the first error.
func (sd *sysDialer) dialSerial(ctx context.Context, ras addrList) (Conn, error) {
var firstErr error // The error from the first address is most relevant.
for i, ra := range ras {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return nil, &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: sd.network, Source: sd.LocalAddr, Addr: ra, Err: mapErr(ctx.Err())}
default:
}
deadline, _ := ctx.Deadline()
partialDeadline, err := partialDeadline(time.Now(), deadline, len(ras)-i)
if err != nil {
// Ran out of time.
if firstErr == nil {
firstErr = &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: sd.network, Source: sd.LocalAddr, Addr: ra, Err: err}
}
break
}
dialCtx := ctx
if partialDeadline.Before(deadline) {
var cancel context.CancelFunc
dialCtx, cancel = context.WithDeadline(ctx, partialDeadline)
defer cancel()
}
c, err := sd.dialSingle(dialCtx, ra)
if err == nil {
return c, nil
}
if firstErr == nil {
firstErr = err
}
}
if firstErr == nil {
firstErr = &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: sd.network, Source: nil, Addr: nil, Err: errMissingAddress}
}
return nil, firstErr
}
// dialSingle attempts to establish and returns a single connection to
// the destination address.
func (sd *sysDialer) dialSingle(ctx context.Context, ra Addr) (c Conn, err error) {
trace, _ := ctx.Value(nettrace.TraceKey{}).(*nettrace.Trace)
if trace != nil {
raStr := ra.String()
if trace.ConnectStart != nil {
trace.ConnectStart(sd.network, raStr)
}
if trace.ConnectDone != nil {
defer func() { trace.ConnectDone(sd.network, raStr, err) }()
}
}
la := sd.LocalAddr
switch ra := ra.(type) {
case *TCPAddr:
la, _ := la.(*TCPAddr)
c, err = sd.dialTCP(ctx, la, ra)
case *UDPAddr:
la, _ := la.(*UDPAddr)
c, err = sd.dialUDP(ctx, la, ra)
case *IPAddr:
la, _ := la.(*IPAddr)
c, err = sd.dialIP(ctx, la, ra)
case *UnixAddr:
la, _ := la.(*UnixAddr)
c, err = sd.dialUnix(ctx, la, ra)
default:
return nil, &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: sd.network, Source: la, Addr: ra, Err: &AddrError{Err: "unexpected address type", Addr: sd.address}}
}
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "dial", Net: sd.network, Source: la, Addr: ra, Err: err} // c is non-nil interface containing nil pointer
}
return c, nil
}
// ListenConfig contains options for listening to an address.
type ListenConfig struct {
// If Control is not nil, it is called after creating the network
// connection but before binding it to the operating system.
//
// Network and address parameters passed to Control method are not
// necessarily the ones passed to Listen. For example, passing "tcp" to
// Listen will cause the Control function to be called with "tcp4" or "tcp6".
Control func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error
// KeepAlive specifies the keep-alive period for network
// connections accepted by this listener.
// If zero, keep-alives are enabled if supported by the protocol
// and operating system. Network protocols or operating systems
// that do not support keep-alives ignore this field.
// If negative, keep-alives are disabled.
KeepAlive time.Duration
}
// Listen announces on the local network address.
//
// See func Listen for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func (lc *ListenConfig) Listen(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (Listener, error) {
addrs, err := DefaultResolver.resolveAddrList(ctx, "listen", network, address, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: network, Source: nil, Addr: nil, Err: err}
}
sl := &sysListener{
ListenConfig: *lc,
network: network,
address: address,
}
var l Listener
la := addrs.first(isIPv4)
switch la := la.(type) {
case *TCPAddr:
l, err = sl.listenTCP(ctx, la)
case *UnixAddr:
l, err = sl.listenUnix(ctx, la)
default:
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: sl.network, Source: nil, Addr: la, Err: &AddrError{Err: "unexpected address type", Addr: address}}
}
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: sl.network, Source: nil, Addr: la, Err: err} // l is non-nil interface containing nil pointer
}
return l, nil
}
// ListenPacket announces on the local network address.
//
// See func ListenPacket for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func (lc *ListenConfig) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (PacketConn, error) {
addrs, err := DefaultResolver.resolveAddrList(ctx, "listen", network, address, nil)
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: network, Source: nil, Addr: nil, Err: err}
}
sl := &sysListener{
ListenConfig: *lc,
network: network,
address: address,
}
var c PacketConn
la := addrs.first(isIPv4)
switch la := la.(type) {
case *UDPAddr:
c, err = sl.listenUDP(ctx, la)
case *IPAddr:
c, err = sl.listenIP(ctx, la)
case *UnixAddr:
c, err = sl.listenUnixgram(ctx, la)
default:
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: sl.network, Source: nil, Addr: la, Err: &AddrError{Err: "unexpected address type", Addr: address}}
}
if err != nil {
return nil, &OpError{Op: "listen", Net: sl.network, Source: nil, Addr: la, Err: err} // c is non-nil interface containing nil pointer
}
return c, nil
}
// sysListener contains a Listen's parameters and configuration.
type sysListener struct {
ListenConfig
network, address string
}
// Listen announces on the local network address.
//
// The network must be "tcp", "tcp4", "tcp6", "unix" or "unixpacket".
//
// For TCP networks, if the host in the address parameter is empty or
// a literal unspecified IP address, Listen listens on all available
// unicast and anycast IP addresses of the local system.
// To only use IPv4, use network "tcp4".
// The address can use a host name, but this is not recommended,
// because it will create a listener for at most one of the host's IP
// addresses.
// If the port in the address parameter is empty or "0", as in
// "127.0.0.1:" or "[::1]:0", a port number is automatically chosen.
// The Addr method of Listener can be used to discover the chosen
// port.
//
// See func Dial for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func Listen(network, address string) (Listener, error) {
var lc ListenConfig
return lc.Listen(context.Background(), network, address)
}
// ListenPacket announces on the local network address.
//
// The network must be "udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", or an IP
// transport. The IP transports are "ip", "ip4", or "ip6" followed by
// a colon and a literal protocol number or a protocol name, as in
// "ip:1" or "ip:icmp".
//
// For UDP and IP networks, if the host in the address parameter is
// empty or a literal unspecified IP address, ListenPacket listens on
// all available IP addresses of the local system except multicast IP
// addresses.
// To only use IPv4, use network "udp4" or "ip4:proto".
// The address can use a host name, but this is not recommended,
// because it will create a listener for at most one of the host's IP
// addresses.
// If the port in the address parameter is empty or "0", as in
// "127.0.0.1:" or "[::1]:0", a port number is automatically chosen.
// The LocalAddr method of PacketConn can be used to discover the
// chosen port.
//
// See func Dial for a description of the network and address
// parameters.
func ListenPacket(network, address string) (PacketConn, error) {
var lc ListenConfig
return lc.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address)
}
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