*autocmd.txt* For Vim version 7.1. Last change: 2007 Mar 27
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Automatic commands *autocommand*
For a basic explanation, see section |40.3| in the user manual.
1. Introduction |autocmd-intro|
2. Defining autocommands |autocmd-define|
3. Removing autocommands |autocmd-remove|
4. Listing autocommands |autocmd-list|
5. Events |autocmd-events|
6. Patterns |autocmd-patterns|
7. Buffer-local autocommands |autocmd-buflocal|
8. Groups |autocmd-groups|
9. Executing autocommands |autocmd-execute|
10. Using autocommands |autocmd-use|
11. Disabling autocommands |autocmd-disable|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
{only when the |+autocmd| feature has not been disabled at compile time}
==============================================================================
1. Introduction *autocmd-intro*
You can specify commands to be executed automatically when reading or writing
a file, when entering or leaving a buffer or window, and when exiting Vim.
For example, you can create an autocommand to set the 'cindent' option for
files matching *.c. You can also use autocommands to implement advanced
features, such as editing compressed files (see |gzip-example|). The usual
place to put autocommands is in your .vimrc or .exrc file.
*E203* *E204* *E143*
WARNING: Using autocommands is very powerful, and may lead to unexpected side
effects. Be careful not to destroy your text.
- It's a good idea to do some testing on an expendable copy of a file first.
For example: If you use autocommands to decompress a file when starting to
edit it, make sure that the autocommands for compressing when writing work
correctly.
- Be prepared for an error halfway through (e.g., disk full). Vim will mostly
be able to undo the changes to the buffer, but you may have to clean up the
changes to other files by hand (e.g., compress a file that has been
decompressed).
- If the BufRead* events allow you to edit a compressed file, the FileRead*
events should do the same (this makes recovery possible in some rare cases).
It's a good idea to use the same autocommands for the File* and Buf* events
when possible.
==============================================================================
2. Defining autocommands *autocmd-define*
Note: The ":autocmd" command cannot be followed by another command, since any
'|' is considered part of the command.
*:au* *:autocmd*
:au[tocmd] [group] {event} {pat} [nested] {cmd}
Add {cmd} to the list of commands that Vim will
execute automatically on {event} for a file matching
{pat}. Vim always adds the {cmd} after existing
autocommands, so that the autocommands execute in the
order in which they were given. See |autocmd-nested|
for [nested].
The special pattern <buffer> or <buffer=N> defines a buffer-local autocommand.
See |autocmd-buflocal|.
Note that special characters (e.g., "%", "<cword>") in the ":autocmd"
arguments are not expanded when the autocommand is defined. These will be
expanded when the Event is recognized, and the {cmd} is executed. The only
exception is that "<sfile>" is expanded when the autocmd is defined. Example:
>
:au BufNewFile,BufRead *.html so <sfile>:h/html.vim
Here Vim expands <sfile> to the name of the file containing this line.
When your .vimrc file is sourced twice, the autocommands will appear twice.
To avoid this, put this command in your .vimrc file, before defining
autocommands: >
:autocmd! " Remove ALL autocommands for the current group.
If you don't want to remove all autocommands, you can instead use a variable
to ensure that Vim includes the autocommands only once: >
:if !exists("autocommands_loaded")
: let autocommands_loaded = 1
: au ...
:endif
When the [group] argument is not given, Vim uses the current group (as defined
with ":augroup"); otherwise, Vim uses the group defined with [group]. Note
that [group] must have been defined before. You cannot define a new group
with ":au group ..."; use ":augroup" for that.
While testing autocommands, you might find the 'verbose' option to be useful: >
:set verbose=9
This setting makes Vim echo the autocommands as it executes them.
When defining an autocommand in a script, it will be able to call functions
local to the script and use mappings local to the script. When the event is
triggered and the command executed, it will run in the context of the script
it was defined in. This matters if |<SID>| is used in a command.
When executing the commands, the messages from one command overwrites a
previous message. This is different from when executing the commands
manually. Mostly the screen will not scroll up, thus there is no hit-enter
prompt. When one command outputs two messages this can happen anyway.
==============================================================================
3. Removing autocommands *autocmd-remove*
:au[tocmd]! [group] {event} {pat} [nested] {cmd}
Remove all autocommands associated with {event} and
{pat}, and add the command {cmd}. See
|autocmd-nested| for [nested].
:au[tocmd]! [group] {event} {pat}
Remove all autocommands associated with {event} and
{pat}.
:au[tocmd]! [group] * {pat}
Remove all autocommands associated with {pat} for all
events.
:au[tocmd]! [group] {event}
Remove ALL autocommands for {event}.
:au[tocmd]! [group] Remove ALL autocommands.
When the [group] argument is not given, Vim uses the current group (as defined
with ":augroup"); otherwise, Vim uses the group defined with [group].
==============================================================================
4. Listing autocommands *autocmd-list*
:au[tocmd] [group] {event} {pat}
Show the autocommands associated with {event} and
{pat}.
:au[tocmd] [group] * {pat}
Show the autocommands associated with {pat} for all
events.
:au[tocmd] [group] {event}
Show all autocommands for {event}.
:au[tocmd] [group] Show all autocommands.
If you provide the [group] argument, Vim lists only the autocommands for
[group]; otherwise, Vim lists the autocommands for ALL groups. Note that this
argument behavior differs from that for defining and removing autocommands.
In order to list buffer-local autocommands, use a pattern in the form <buffer>
or <buffer=N>. See |autocmd-buflocal|.
*:autocmd-verbose*
When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing an autocommand will also display where it
was last defined. Example: >
:verbose autocmd BufEnter
FileExplorer BufEnter
* call s:LocalBrowse(expand("<amatch>"))
Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/plugin/NetrwPlugin.vim
<
See |:verbose-cmd| for more information.
==============================================================================
5. Events *autocmd-events* *E215* *E216*
You can specify a comma-separated list of event names. No white space can be
used in this list. The command applies to all the events in the list.
For READING FILES there are four kinds of events possible:
BufNewFile starting to edit a non-existent file
BufReadPre BufReadPost starting to edit an existing file
FilterReadPre FilterReadPost read the temp file with filter output
FileReadPre FileReadPost any other file read
Vim uses only one of these four kinds when reading a file. The "Pre" and
"Post" events are both triggered, before and after reading the file.
Note that the autocommands for the *ReadPre events and all the Filter events
are not allowed to change the current buffer (you will get an error message if
this happens). This is to prevent the file to be read into the wrong buffer.
Note that the 'modified' flag is reset AFTER executing the BufReadPost
and BufNewFile autocommands. But when the 'modified' option was set by the
autocommands, this doesn't happen.
You can use the 'eventignore' option to ignore a number of events or all
events.
*autocommand-events* *{event}*
Vim recognizes the following events. Vim ignores the case of event names
(e.g., you can use "BUFread" or "bufread" instead of "BufRead").
First an overview by function with a short explanation. Then the list
alphabetically with full explanations |autocmd-events-abc|.
Name triggered by ~
Reading
|BufNewFile| starting to edit a file that doesn't exist
|BufReadPre| starting to edit a new buffer, before reading the file
|BufRead| starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadPost| starting to edit a new buffer, after reading the file
|BufReadCmd| before starting to edit a new buffer |Cmd-event|
|FileReadPre| before reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadPost| after reading a file with a ":read" command
|FileReadCmd| before reading a file with a ":read" command |Cmd-event|
|FilterReadPre| before reading a file from a filter command
|FilterReadPost| after reading a file from a filter command
|StdinReadPre| before reading from stdin into the buffer
|StdinReadPost| After reading from the stdin into the buffer
Writing
|BufWrite| starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePre| starting to write the whole buffer to a file
|BufWritePost| after writing the whole buffer to a file
|BufWriteCmd| before writing the whole buffer to a file |Cmd-event|
|FileWritePre| starting to write part of a buffer to a file
|FileWritePost| after writing part of a buffer to a file
|FileWriteCmd| before writing part of a buffer to a file |Cmd-event|
|FileAppendPre| starting to append to a file
|FileAppendPost| after appending to a file
|FileAppendCmd| before appending to a file |Cmd-event|
|FilterWritePre| starting to write a file for a filter command or diff
|FilterWritePost| after writing a file for a filter command or diff
Buffers
|BufAdd| just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufCreate| just after adding a buffer to the buffer list
|BufDelete| before deleting a buffer from the buffer list
|BufWipeout| before completely deleting a buffer
|BufFilePre| before changing the name of the current buffer
|BufFilePost| after changing the name of the current buffer
|BufEnter| after entering a buffer
|BufLeave| before leaving to another buffer
|BufWinEnter| after a buffer is displayed in a window
|BufWinLeave| before a buffer is removed from a window
|BufUnload| before unloading a buffer
|BufHidden| just after a buffer has become hidden
|BufNew| just after creating a new buffer
|SwapExists| detected an existing swap file
Options
|FileType| when the 'filetype' option has been set
|Syntax| when the 'syntax' option has been set
|EncodingChanged| after the 'encoding' option has been changed
|TermChanged| after the value of 'term' has changed
Startup and exit
|VimEnter| after doing all the startup stuff
|GUIEnter| after starting the GUI successfully
|TermResponse| after the terminal response to |t_RV| is received
|VimLeavePre| before exiting Vim, before writing the viminfo file
|VimLeave| before exiting Vim, after writing the viminfo file
Various
|FileChangedShell| Vim notices that a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedShellPost| After handling a file changed since editing started
|FileChangedRO| before making the first change to a read-only file
|ShellCmdPost| after executing a shell command
|ShellFilterPost| after filtering with a shell command
|FuncUndefined| a user function is used but it isn't defined
|SpellFileMissing| a spell file is used but it can't be found
|SourcePre| before sourcing a Vim script
|SourceCmd| before sourcing a Vim script |Cmd-event|
|VimResized| after the Vim window size changed
|FocusGained| Vim got input focus
|FocusLost| Vim lost input focus
|CursorHold| the user doesn't press a key for a while
|CursorHoldI| the user doesn't press a key for a while in Insert mode
|CursorMoved| the cursor was moved in Normal mode
|CursorMovedI| the cursor was moved in Insert mode
|WinEnter| after entering another window
|WinLeave| before leaving a window
|TabEnter| after entering another tab page
|TabLeave| before leaving a tab page
|CmdwinEnter| after entering the command-line window
|CmdwinLeave| before leaving the command-line window
|InsertEnter| starting Insert mode
|InsertChange| when typing <Insert> while in Insert or Replace mode
|InsertLeave| when leaving Insert mode
|ColorScheme| after loading a color scheme
|RemoteReply| a reply from a server Vim was received
|QuickFixCmdPre| before a quickfix command is run
|QuickFixCmdPost| after a quickfix command is run
|SessionLoadPost| after loading a session file
|MenuPopup| just before showing the popup menu
|User| to be used in combination with ":doautocmd"
The alphabetical list of autocommand events: *autocmd-events-abc*
*BufCreate* *BufAdd*
BufAdd or BufCreate Just after creating a new buffer which is
added to the buffer list, or adding a buffer
to the buffer list.
Also used just after a buffer in the buffer
list has been renamed.
The BufCreate event is for historic reasons.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being created "<afile>".
*BufDelete*
BufDelete Before deleting a buffer from the buffer list.
The BufUnload may be called first (if the
buffer was loaded).
Also used just before a buffer in the buffer
list is renamed.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being deleted "<afile>".
*BufEnter*
BufEnter After entering a buffer. Useful for setting
options for a file type. Also executed when
starting to edit a buffer, after the
BufReadPost autocommands.
*BufFilePost*
BufFilePost After changing the name of the current buffer
with the ":file" or ":saveas" command.
*BufFilePre*
BufFilePre Before changing the name of the current buffer
with the ":file" or ":saveas" command.
*BufHidden*
BufHidden Just after a buffer has become hidden. That
is, when there are no longer windows that show
the buffer, but the buffer is not unloaded or
deleted. Not used for ":qa" or ":q" when
exiting Vim.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being unloaded "<afile>".
*BufLeave*
BufLeave Before leaving to another buffer. Also when
leaving or closing the current window and the
new current window is not for the same buffer.
Not used for ":qa" or ":q" when exiting Vim.
*BufNew*
BufNew Just after creating a new buffer. Also used
just after a buffer has been renamed. When
the buffer is added to the buffer list BufAdd
will be triggered too.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being created "<afile>".
*BufNewFile*
BufNewFile When starting to edit a file that doesn't
exist. Can be used to read in a skeleton
file.
*BufRead* *BufReadPost*
BufRead or BufReadPost When starting to edit a new buffer, after
reading the file into the buffer, before
executing the modelines. See |BufWinEnter|
for when you need to do something after
processing the modelines.
This does NOT work for ":r file". Not used
when the file doesn't exist. Also used after
successfully recovering a file.
*BufReadCmd*
BufReadCmd Before starting to edit a new buffer. Should
read the file into the buffer. |Cmd-event|
*BufReadPre* *E200* *E201*
BufReadPre When starting to edit a new buffer, before
reading the file into the buffer. Not used
if the file doesn't exist.
*BufUnload*
BufUnload Before unloading a buffer. This is when the
text in the buffer is going to be freed. This
may be after a BufWritePost and before a
BufDelete. Also used for all buffers that are
loaded when Vim is going to exit.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being unloaded "<afile>".
*BufWinEnter*
BufWinEnter After a buffer is displayed in a window. This
can be when the buffer is loaded (after
processing the modelines), when a hidden
buffer is displayed in a window (and is no
longer hidden) or a buffer already visible in
a window is also displayed in another window.
*BufWinLeave*
BufWinLeave Before a buffer is removed from a window.
Not when it's still visible in another window.
Also triggered when exiting. It's triggered
before BufUnload or BufHidden.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being unloaded "<afile>".
*BufWipeout*
BufWipeout Before completely deleting a buffer. The
BufUnload and BufDelete events may be called
first (if the buffer was loaded and was in the
buffer list). Also used just before a buffer
is renamed (also when it's not in the buffer
list).
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer being deleted "<afile>".
*BufWrite* *BufWritePre*
BufWrite or BufWritePre Before writing the whole buffer to a file.
*BufWriteCmd*
BufWriteCmd Before writing the whole buffer to a file.
Should do the writing of the file and reset
'modified' if successful, unless '+' is in
'cpo' and writing to another file |cpo-+|.
The buffer contents should not be changed.
|Cmd-event|
*BufWritePost*
BufWritePost After writing the whole buffer to a file
(should undo the commands for BufWritePre).
*CmdwinEnter*
CmdwinEnter After entering the command-line window.
Useful for setting options specifically for
this special type of window. This is
triggered _instead_ of BufEnter and WinEnter.
<afile> is set to a single character,
indicating the type of command-line.
|cmdwin-char|
*CmdwinLeave*
CmdwinLeave Before leaving the command-line window.
Useful to clean up any global setting done
with CmdwinEnter. This is triggered _instead_
of BufLeave and WinLeave.
<afile> is set to a single character,
indicating the type of command-line.
|cmdwin-char|
*ColorScheme*
ColorScheme After loading a color scheme. |:colorscheme|
*CursorHold*
CursorHold When the user doesn't press a key for the time
specified with 'updatetime'. Not re-triggered
until the user has pressed a key (i.e. doesn't
fire every 'updatetime' ms if you leave Vim to
make some coffee. :) See |CursorHold-example|
for previewing tags.
This event is only triggered in Normal mode.
It is not triggered when waiting for a command
argument to be typed, or a movement after an
operator.
While recording the CursorHold event is not
triggered. |q|
Note: Interactive commands cannot be used for
this event. There is no hit-enter prompt,
the screen is updated directly (when needed).
Note: In the future there will probably be
another option to set the time.
Hint: to force an update of the status lines
use: >
:let &ro = &ro
< {only on Amiga, Unix, Win32, MSDOS and all GUI
versions}
*CursorHoldI*
CursorHoldI Just like CursorHold, but in Insert mode.
*CursorMoved*
CursorMoved After the cursor was moved in Normal mode.
Also when the text of the cursor line has been
changed, e.g., with "x", "rx" or "p".
Not triggered when there is typeahead or when
an operator is pending.
For an example see |match-parens|.
Careful: Don't do anything that the user does
not expect or that is slow.
*CursorMovedI*
CursorMovedI After the cursor was moved in Insert mode.
Otherwise the same as CursorMoved.
*EncodingChanged*
EncodingChanged Fires off after the 'encoding' option has been
changed. Useful to set up fonts, for example.
*FileAppendCmd*
FileAppendCmd Before appending to a file. Should do the
appending to the file. Use the '[ and ']
marks for the range of lines.|Cmd-event|
*FileAppendPost*
FileAppendPost After appending to a file.
*FileAppendPre*
FileAppendPre Before appending to a file. Use the '[ and ']
marks for the range of lines.
*FileChangedRO*
FileChangedRO Before making the first change to a read-only
file. Can be used to check-out the file from
a source control system. Not triggered when
the change was caused by an autocommand.
This event is triggered when making the first
change in a buffer or the first change after
'readonly' was set, just before the change is
applied to the text.
WARNING: If the autocommand moves the cursor
the effect of the change is undefined.
*E788*
It is not allowed to change to another buffer
here. You can reload the buffer but not edit
another one.
*FileChangedShell*
FileChangedShell When Vim notices that the modification time of
a file has changed since editing started.
Also when the file attributes of the file
change. |timestamp|
Mostly triggered after executing a shell
command, but also with a |:checktime| command
or when Gvim regains input focus.
This autocommand is triggered for each changed
file. It is not used when 'autoread' is set
and the buffer was not changed. If a
FileChangedShell autocommand is present the
warning message and prompt is not given.
The |v:fcs_reason| variable is set to indicate
what happened and |v:fcs_choice| can be used
to tell Vim what to do next.
NOTE: When this autocommand is executed, the
current buffer "%" may be different from the
buffer that was changed "<afile>".
NOTE: The commands must not change the current
buffer, jump to another buffer or delete a
buffer. *E246*
NOTE: This event never nests, to avoid an
endless loop. This means that while executing
commands for the FileChangedShell event no
other FileChangedShell event will be
triggered.
*FileChangedShellPost*
FileChangedShellPost After handling a file that was changed outside
of Vim. Can be used to update the statusline.
*FileEncoding*
FileEncoding Obsolete. It still works and is equivalent
to |EncodingChanged|.
*FileReadCmd*
FileReadCmd Before reading a file with a ":read" command.
Should do the reading of the file. |Cmd-event|
*FileReadPost*
FileReadPost After reading a file with a ":read" command.
Note that Vim sets the '[ and '] marks to the
first and last line of the read. This can be
used to operate on the lines just read.
*FileReadPre*
FileReadPre Before reading a file with a ":read" command.
*FileType*
FileType When the 'filetype' option has been set. The
pattern is matched against the filetype.
<afile> can be used for the name of the file
where this option was set, and <amatch> for
the new value of 'filetype'.
See |filetypes|.
*FileWriteCmd*
FileWriteCmd Before writing to a file, when not writing the
whole buffer. Should do the writing to the
file. Should not change the buffer. Use the
'[ and '] marks for the range of lines.
|Cmd-event|
*FileWritePost*
FileWritePost After writing to a file, when not writing the
whole buffer.
*FileWritePre*
FileWritePre Before writing to a file, when not writing the
whole buffer. Use the '[ and '] marks for the
range of lines.
*FilterReadPost*
FilterReadPost After reading a file from a filter command.
Vim checks the pattern against the name of
the current buffer as with FilterReadPre.
Not triggered when 'shelltemp' is off.
*FilterReadPre* *E135*
FilterReadPre Before reading a file from a filter command.
Vim checks the pattern against the name of
the current buffer, not the name of the
temporary file that is the output of the
filter command.
Not triggered when 'shelltemp' is off.
*FilterWritePost*
FilterWritePost After writing a file for a filter command or
making a diff.
Vim checks the pattern against the name of
the current buffer as with FilterWritePre.
Not triggered when 'shelltemp' is off.
*FilterWritePre*
FilterWritePre Before writing a file for a filter command or
making a diff.
Vim checks the pattern against the name of
the current buffer, not the name of the
temporary file that is the output of the
filter command.
Not triggered when 'shelltemp' is off.
*FocusGained*
FocusGained When Vim got input focus. Only for the GUI
version and a few console versions where this
can be detected.
*FocusLost*
FocusLost When Vim lost input focus. Only for the GUI
version and a few console versions where this
can be detected. May also happen when a
dialog pops up.
*FuncUndefined*
FuncUndefined When a user function is used but it isn't
defined. Useful for defining a function only
when it's used. The pattern is matched
against the function name. Both <amatch> and
<afile> are set to the name of the function.
See |autoload-functions|.
*GUIEnter*
GUIEnter After starting the GUI successfully, and after
opening the window. It is triggered before
VimEnter when using gvim. Can be used to
position the window from a .gvimrc file: >
:autocmd GUIEnter * winpos 100 50
< *GUIFailed*
GUIFailed After starting the GUI failed. Vim may
continue to run in the terminal, if possible
(only on Unix and alikes, when connecting the
X server fails). You may want to quit Vim: >
:autocmd GUIFailed * qall
< *InsertChange*
InsertChange When typing <Insert> while in Insert or
Replace mode. The |v:insertmode| variable
indicates the new mode.
Be careful not to move the cursor or do
anything else that the user does not expect.
*InsertEnter*
InsertEnter Just before starting Insert mode. Also for
Replace mode and Virtual Replace mode. The
|v:insertmode| variable indicates the mode.
Be careful not to move the cursor or do
anything else that the user does not expect.
*InsertLeave*
InsertLeave When leaving Insert mode. Also when using
CTRL-O |i_CTRL-O|. But not for |i_CTRL-C|.
*MenuPopup*
MenuPopup Just before showing the popup menu (under the
right mouse button). Useful for adjusting the
menu for what is under the cursor or mouse
pointer.
The pattern is matched against a single
character representing the mode:
n Normal
v Visual
o Operator-pending
i Insert
c Command line
*QuickFixCmdPre*
QuickFixCmdPre Before a quickfix command is run (|:make|,
|:lmake|, |:grep|, |:lgrep|, |:grepadd|,
|:lgrepadd|, |:vimgrep|, |:lvimgrep|,
|:vimgrepadd|, |:lvimgrepadd|). The pattern is
matched against the command being run. When
|:grep| is used but 'grepprg' is set to
"internal" it still matches "grep".
This command cannot be used to set the
'makeprg' and 'grepprg' variables.
If this command causes an error, the quickfix
command is not executed.
*QuickFixCmdPost*
QuickFixCmdPost Like QuickFixCmdPre, but after a quickfix
command is run, before jumping to the first
location.
*RemoteReply*
RemoteReply When a reply from a Vim that functions as
server was received |server2client()|. The
pattern is matched against the {serverid}.
<amatch> is equal to the {serverid} from which
the reply was sent, and <afile> is the actual
reply string.
Note that even if an autocommand is defined,
the reply should be read with |remote_read()|
to consume it.
*SessionLoadPost*
SessionLoadPost After loading the session file created using
the |:mksession| command.
*ShellCmdPost*
ShellCmdPost After executing a shell command with |:!cmd|,
|:shell|, |:make| and |:grep|. Can be used to
check for any changed files.
*ShellFilterPost*
ShellFilterPost After executing a shell command with
":{range}!cmd", ":w !cmd" or ":r !cmd".
Can be used to check for any changed files.
*SourcePre*
SourcePre Before sourcing a Vim script. |:source|
<afile> is the name of the file being sourced.
*SourceCmd*
SourceCmd When sourcing a Vim script. |:source|
<afile> is the name of the file being sourced.
The autocommand must source this file.
|Cmd-event|
*SpellFileMissing*
SpellFileMissing When trying to load a spell checking file and
it can't be found. The pattern is matched
against the language. <amatch> is the
language, 'encoding' also matters. See
|spell-SpellFileMissing|.
*StdinReadPost*
StdinReadPost After reading from the stdin into the buffer,
before executing the modelines. Only used
when the "-" argument was used when Vim was
started |--|.
*StdinReadPre*
StdinReadPre Before reading from stdin into the buffer.
Only used when the "-" argument was used when
Vim was started |--|.
*SwapExists*
SwapExists Detected an existing swap file when starting
to edit a file. Only when it is possible to
select a way to handle the situation, when Vim
would ask the user what to do.
The |v:swapname| variable holds the name of
the swap file found, <afile> the file being
edited. |v:swapcommand| may contain a command
to be executed in the opened file.
The commands should set the |v:swapchoice|
variable to a string with one character to
tell Vim what should be done next:
'o' open read-only
'e' edit the file anyway
'r' recover
'd' delete the swap file
'q' quit, don't edit the file
'a' abort, like hitting CTRL-C
When set to an empty string the user will be
asked, as if there was no SwapExists autocmd.
Note: Do not try to change the buffer, the
results are unpredictable.
*Syntax*
Syntax When the 'syntax' option has been set. The
pattern is matched against the syntax name.
<afile> can be used for the name of the file
where this option was set, and <amatch> for
the new value of 'syntax'.
See |:syn-on|.
*TabEnter*
TabEnter Just after entering a tab page. |tab-page|
After triggering the WinEnter and before
triggering the BufEnter event.
*TabLeave*
TabLeave Just before leaving a tab page. |tab-page|
A WinLeave event will have been triggered
first.
*TermChanged*
TermChanged After the value of 'term' has changed. Useful
for re-loading the syntax file to update the
colors, fonts and other terminal-dependent
settings. Executed for all loaded buffers.
*TermResponse*
TermResponse After the response to |t_RV| is received from
the terminal. The value of |v:termresponse|
can be used to do things depending on the
terminal version.
*User*
User Never executed automatically. To be used for
autocommands that are only executed with
":doautocmd".
*UserGettingBored*
UserGettingBored When the user hits CTRL-C. Just kidding! :-)
*VimEnter*
VimEnter After doing all the startup stuff, including
loading .vimrc files, executing the "-c cmd"
arguments, creating all windows and loading
the buffers in them.
*VimLeave*
VimLeave Before exiting Vim, just after writing the
.viminfo file. Executed only once, like
VimLeavePre.
To detect an abnormal exit use |v:dying|.
*VimLeavePre*
VimLeavePre Before exiting Vim, just before writing the
.viminfo file. This is executed only once,
if there is a match with the name of what
happens to be the current buffer when exiting.
Mostly useful with a "*" pattern. >
:autocmd VimLeavePre * call CleanupStuff()
< To detect an abnormal exit use |v:dying|.
*VimResized*
VimResized After the Vim window was resized, thus 'lines'
and/or 'columns' changed. Not when starting
up though.
*WinEnter*
WinEnter After entering another window. Not done for
the first window, when Vim has just started.
Useful for setting the window height.
If the window is for another buffer, Vim
executes the BufEnter autocommands after the
WinEnter autocommands.
Note: When using ":split fname" the WinEnter
event is triggered after the split but before
the file "fname" is loaded.
*WinLeave*
WinLeave Before leaving a window. If the window to be
entered next is for a different buffer, Vim
executes the BufLeave autocommands before the
WinLeave autocommands (but not for ":new").
Not used for ":qa" or ":q" when exiting Vim.
==============================================================================
6. Patterns *autocmd-patterns* *{pat}*
The file pattern {pat} is tested for a match against the file name in one of
two ways:
1. When there is no '/' in the pattern, Vim checks for a match against only
the tail part of the file name (without its leading directory path).
2. When there is a '/' in the pattern, Vim checks for a match against the
both short file name (as you typed it) and the full file name (after
expanding it to a full path and resolving symbolic links).
The special pattern <buffer> or <buffer=N> is used for buffer-local
autocommands |autocmd-buflocal|. This pattern is not matched against the name
of a buffer.
Examples: >
:autocmd BufRead *.txt set et
Set the 'et' option for all text files. >
:autocmd BufRead /vim/src/*.c set cindent
Set the 'cindent' option for C files in the /vim/src directory. >
:autocmd BufRead /tmp/*.c set ts=5
If you have a link from "/tmp/test.c" to "/home/nobody/vim/src/test.c", and
you start editing "/tmp/test.c", this autocommand will match.
Note: To match part of a path, but not from the root directory, use a '*' as
the first character. Example: >
:autocmd BufRead */doc/*.txt set tw=78
This autocommand will for example be executed for "/tmp/doc/xx.txt" and
"/usr/home/piet/doc/yy.txt". The number of directories does not matter here.
The file name that the pattern is matched against is after expanding
wildcards. Thus is you issue this command: >
:e $ROOTDIR/main.$EXT
The argument is first expanded to: >
/usr/root/main.py
Before it's matched with the pattern of the autocommand. Careful with this
when using events like FileReadCmd, the value of <amatch> may not be what you
expect.
Environment variables can be used in a pattern: >
:autocmd BufRead $VIMRUNTIME/doc/*.txt set expandtab
And ~ can be used for the home directory (if $HOME is defined): >
:autocmd BufWritePost ~/.vimrc so ~/.vimrc
:autocmd BufRead ~archive/* set readonly
The environment variable is expanded when the autocommand is defined, not when
the autocommand is executed. This is different from the command!
*file-pattern*
The pattern is interpreted like mostly used in file names:
* matches any sequence of characters
? matches any single character
\? matches a '?'
. matches a '.'
~ matches a '~'
, separates patterns
\, matches a ','
{ } like \( \) in a |pattern|
, inside { }: like \| in a |pattern|
\ special meaning like in a |pattern|
[ch] matches 'c' or 'h'
[^ch] match any character but 'c' and 'h'
Note that for all systems the '/' character is used for path separator (even
MS-DOS and OS/2). This was done because the backslash is difficult to use
in a pattern and to make the autocommands portable across different systems.
*autocmd-changes*
Matching with the pattern is done when an event is triggered. Changing the
buffer name in one of the autocommands, or even deleting the buffer, does not
change which autocommands will be executed. Example: >
au BufEnter *.foo bdel
au BufEnter *.foo set modified
This will delete the current buffer and then set 'modified' in what has become
the current buffer instead. Vim doesn't take into account that "*.foo"
doesn't match with that buffer name. It matches "*.foo" with the name of the
buffer at the moment the event was triggered.
However, buffer-local autocommands will not be executed for a buffer that has
been wiped out with |:bwipe|. After deleting the buffer with |:bdel| the
buffer actually still exists (it becomes unlisted), thus the autocommands are
still executed.
==============================================================================
7. Buffer-local autocommands *autocmd-buflocal* *autocmd-buffer-local*
*<buffer=N>* *<buffer=abuf>* *E680*
Buffer-local autocommands are attached to a specific buffer. They are useful
if the buffer does not have a name and when the name does not match a specific
pattern. But it also means they must be explicitly added to each buffer.
Instead of a pattern buffer-local autocommands use one of these forms:
<buffer> current buffer
<buffer=99> buffer number 99
<buffer=abuf> using <abuf> (only when executing autocommands)
|<abuf>|
Examples: >
:au CursorHold <buffer> echo 'hold'
:au CursorHold <buffer=33> echo 'hold'
:au CursorHold <buffer=abuf> echo 'hold'
All the commands for autocommands also work with buffer-local autocommands,
simply use the special string instead of the pattern. Examples: >
:au! * <buffer> " remove buffer-local autocommands for
" current buffer
:au! * <buffer=33> " remove buffer-local autocommands for
" buffer #33
:dobuf :au! CursorHold <buffer> " remove autocmd for given event for all
" buffers
:au * <buffer> " list buffer-local autocommands for
" current buffer
Note that when an autocommand is defined for the current buffer, it is stored
with the buffer number. Thus it uses the form "<buffer=12>", where 12 is the
number of the current buffer. You will see this when listing autocommands,
for example.
To test for presence of buffer-local autocommands use the |exists()| function
as follows: >
:if exists("#CursorHold#<buffer=12>") | ... | endif
:if exists("#CursorHold#<buffer>") | ... | endif " for current buffer
When a buffer is wiped out its buffer-local autocommands are also gone, of
course. Note that when deleting a buffer, e.g., with ":bdel", it is only
unlisted, the autocommands are still present. In order to see the removal of
buffer-local autocommands: >
:set verbose=6
It is not possible to define buffer-local autocommands for a non-existent
buffer.
==============================================================================
8. Groups *autocmd-groups*
Autocommands can be put together in a group. This is useful for removing or
executing a group of autocommands. For example, all the autocommands for
syntax highlighting are put in the "highlight" group, to be able to execute
":doautoall highlight BufRead" when the GUI starts.
When no specific group is selected, Vim uses the default group. The default
group does not have a name. You cannot execute the autocommands from the
default group separately; you can execute them only by executing autocommands
for all groups.
Normally, when executing autocommands automatically, Vim uses the autocommands
for all groups. The group only matters when executing autocommands with
":doautocmd" or ":doautoall", or when defining or deleting autocommands.
The group name can contain any characters except white space. The group name
"end" is reserved (also in uppercase).
The group name is case sensitive. Note that this is different from the event
name!
*:aug* *:augroup*
:aug[roup] {name} Define the autocmd group name for the
following ":autocmd" commands. The name "end"
or "END" selects the default group.
*:augroup-delete* *E367*
:aug[roup]! {name} Delete the autocmd group {name}. Don't use
this if there is still an autocommand using
this group! This is not checked.
To enter autocommands for a specific group, use this method:
1. Select the group with ":augroup {name}".
2. Delete any old autocommands with ":au!".
3. Define the autocommands.
4. Go back to the default group with "augroup END".
Example: >
:augroup uncompress
: au!
: au BufEnter *.gz %!gunzip
:augroup END
This prevents having the autocommands defined twice (e.g., after sourcing the
.vimrc file again).
==============================================================================
9. Executing autocommands *autocmd-execute*
Vim can also execute Autocommands non-automatically. This is useful if you
have changed autocommands, or when Vim has executed the wrong autocommands
(e.g., the file pattern match was wrong).
Note that the 'eventignore' option applies here too. Events listed in this
option will not cause any commands to be executed.
*:do* *:doau* *:doautocmd* *E217*
:do[autocmd] [group] {event} [fname]
Apply the autocommands matching [fname] (default:
current file name) for {event} to the current buffer.
You can use this when the current file name does not
match the right pattern, after changing settings, or
to execute autocommands for a certain event.
It's possible to use this inside an autocommand too,
so you can base the autocommands for one extension on
another extension. Example: >
:au Bufenter *.cpp so ~/.vimrc_cpp
:au Bufenter *.cpp doau BufEnter x.c
< Be careful to avoid endless loops. See
|autocmd-nested|.
When the [group] argument is not given, Vim executes
the autocommands for all groups. When the [group]
argument is included, Vim executes only the matching
autocommands for that group. Note: if you use an
undefined group name, Vim gives you an error message.
After applying the autocommands the modelines are
processed, so that their overrule the settings from
autocommands, like what happens when editing a file.
*:doautoa* *:doautoall*
:doautoa[ll] [group] {event} [fname]
Like ":doautocmd", but apply the autocommands to each
loaded buffer. Note that {fname} is used to select
the autocommands, not the buffers to which they are
applied.
Careful: Don't use this for autocommands that delete a
buffer, change to another buffer or change the
contents of a buffer; the result is unpredictable.
This command is intended for autocommands that set
options, change highlighting, and things like that.
==============================================================================
10. Using autocommands *autocmd-use*
For WRITING FILES there are four possible sets of events. Vim uses only one
of these sets for a write command:
BufWriteCmd BufWritePre BufWritePost writing the whole buffer
FilterWritePre FilterWritePost writing to filter temp file
FileAppendCmd FileAppendPre FileAppendPost appending to a file
FileWriteCmd FileWritePre FileWritePost any other file write
When there is a matching "*Cmd" autocommand, it is assumed it will do the
writing. No further writing is done and the other events are not triggered.
|Cmd-event|
Note that the *WritePost commands should undo any changes to the buffer that
were caused by the *WritePre commands; otherwise, writing the file will have
the side effect of changing the buffer.
Before executing the autocommands, the buffer from which the lines are to be
written temporarily becomes the current buffer. Unless the autocommands
change the current buffer or delete the previously current buffer, the
previously current buffer is made the current buffer again.
The *WritePre and *AppendPre autocommands must not delete the buffer from
which the lines are to be written.
The '[ and '] marks have a special position:
- Before the *ReadPre event the '[ mark is set to the line just above where
the new lines will be inserted.
- Before the *ReadPost event the '[ mark is set to the first line that was
just read, the '] mark to the last line.
- Before executing the *WriteCmd, *WritePre and *AppendPre autocommands the '[
mark is set to the first line that will be written, the '] mark to the last
line.
Careful: '[ and '] change when using commands that change the buffer.
In commands which expect a file name, you can use "<afile>" for the file name
that is being read |:<afile>| (you can also use "%" for the current file
name). "<abuf>" can be used for the buffer number of the currently effective
buffer. This also works for buffers that doesn't have a name. But it doesn't
work for files without a buffer (e.g., with ":r file").
*gzip-example*
Examples for reading and writing compressed files: >
:augroup gzip
: autocmd!
: autocmd BufReadPre,FileReadPre *.gz set bin
: autocmd BufReadPost,FileReadPost *.gz '[,']!gunzip
: autocmd BufReadPost,FileReadPost *.gz set nobin
: autocmd BufReadPost,FileReadPost *.gz execute ":doautocmd BufReadPost " . expand("%:r")
: autocmd BufWritePost,FileWritePost *.gz !mv <afile> <afile>:r
: autocmd BufWritePost,FileWritePost *.gz !gzip <afile>:r
: autocmd FileAppendPre *.gz !gunzip <afile>
: autocmd FileAppendPre *.gz !mv <afile>:r <afile>
: autocmd FileAppendPost *.gz !mv <afile> <afile>:r
: autocmd FileAppendPost *.gz !gzip <afile>:r
:augroup END
The "gzip" group is used to be able to delete any existing autocommands with
":autocmd!", for when the file is sourced twice.
("<afile>:r" is the file name without the extension, see |:_%:|)
The commands executed for the BufNewFile, BufRead/BufReadPost, BufWritePost,
FileAppendPost and VimLeave events do not set or reset the changed flag of the
buffer. When you decompress the buffer with the BufReadPost autocommands, you
can still exit with ":q". When you use ":undo" in BufWritePost to undo the
changes made by BufWritePre commands, you can still do ":q" (this also makes
"ZZ" work). If you do want the buffer to be marked as modified, set the
'modified' option.
To execute Normal mode commands from an autocommand, use the ":normal"
command. Use with care! If the Normal mode command is not finished, the user
needs to type characters (e.g., after ":normal m" you need to type a mark
name).
If you want the buffer to be unmodified after changing it, reset the
'modified' option. This makes it possible to exit the buffer with ":q"
instead of ":q!".
*autocmd-nested* *E218*
By default, autocommands do not nest. If you use ":e" or ":w" in an
autocommand, Vim does not execute the BufRead and BufWrite autocommands for
those commands. If you do want this, use the "nested" flag for those commands
in which you want nesting. For example: >
:autocmd FileChangedShell *.c nested e!
The nesting is limited to 10 levels to get out of recursive loops.
It's possible to use the ":au" command in an autocommand. This can be a
self-modifying command! This can be useful for an autocommand that should
execute only once.
If you want to skip autocommands for one command, use the |:noautocmd| command
modifier or the 'eventignore' option.
Note: When reading a file (with ":read file" or with a filter command) and the
last line in the file does not have an <EOL>, Vim remembers this. At the next
write (with ":write file" or with a filter command), if the same line is
written again as the last line in a file AND 'binary' is set, Vim does not
supply an <EOL>. This makes a filter command on the just read lines write the
same file as was read, and makes a write command on just filtered lines write
the same file as was read from the filter. For example, another way to write
a compressed file: >
:autocmd FileWritePre *.gz set bin|'[,']!gzip
:autocmd FileWritePost *.gz undo|set nobin
<
*autocommand-pattern*
You can specify multiple patterns, separated by commas. Here are some
examples: >
:autocmd BufRead * set tw=79 nocin ic infercase fo=2croq
:autocmd BufRead .letter set tw=72 fo=2tcrq
:autocmd BufEnter .letter set dict=/usr/lib/dict/words
:autocmd BufLeave .letter set dict=
:autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile *.c,*.h set tw=0 cin noic
:autocmd BufEnter *.c,*.h abbr FOR for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)<CR>{<CR>}<Esc>O
:autocmd BufLeave *.c,*.h unabbr FOR
For makefiles (makefile, Makefile, imakefile, makefile.unix, etc.): >
:autocmd BufEnter ?akefile* set include=^s\=include
:autocmd BufLeave ?akefile* set include&
To always start editing C files at the first function: >
:autocmd BufRead *.c,*.h 1;/^{
Without the "1;" above, the search would start from wherever the file was
entered, rather than from the start of the file.
*skeleton* *template*
To read a skeleton (template) file when opening a new file: >
:autocmd BufNewFile *.c 0r ~/vim/skeleton.c
:autocmd BufNewFile *.h 0r ~/vim/skeleton.h
:autocmd BufNewFile *.java 0r ~/vim/skeleton.java
To insert the current date and time in a *.html file when writing it: >
:autocmd BufWritePre,FileWritePre *.html ks|call LastMod()|'s
:fun LastMod()
: if line("$") > 20
: let l = 20
: else
: let l = line("$")
: endif
: exe "1," . l . "g/Last modified: /s/Last modified: .*/Last modified: " .
: \ strftime("%Y %b %d")
:endfun
You need to have a line "Last modified: <date time>" in the first 20 lines
of the file for this to work. Vim replaces <date time> (and anything in the
same line after it) with the current date and time. Explanation:
ks mark current position with mark 's'
call LastMod() call the LastMod() function to do the work
's return the cursor to the old position
The LastMod() function checks if the file is shorter than 20 lines, and then
uses the ":g" command to find lines that contain "Last modified: ". For those
lines the ":s" command is executed to replace the existing date with the
current one. The ":execute" command is used to be able to use an expression
for the ":g" and ":s" commands. The date is obtained with the strftime()
function. You can change its argument to get another date string.
When entering :autocmd on the command-line, completion of events and command
names may be done (with <Tab>, CTRL-D, etc.) where appropriate.
Vim executes all matching autocommands in the order that you specify them.
It is recommended that your first autocommand be used for all files by using
"*" as the file pattern. This means that you can define defaults you like
here for any settings, and if there is another matching autocommand it will
override these. But if there is no other matching autocommand, then at least
your default settings are recovered (if entering this file from another for
which autocommands did match). Note that "*" will also match files starting
with ".", unlike Unix shells.
*autocmd-searchpat*
Autocommands do not change the current search patterns. Vim saves the current
search patterns before executing autocommands then restores them after the
autocommands finish. This means that autocommands do not affect the strings
highlighted with the 'hlsearch' option. Within autocommands, you can still
use search patterns normally, e.g., with the "n" command.
If you want an autocommand to set the search pattern, such that it is used
after the autocommand finishes, use the ":let @/ =" command.
The search-highlighting cannot be switched off with ":nohlsearch" in an
autocommand. Use the 'h' flag in the 'viminfo' option to disable search-
highlighting when starting Vim.
*Cmd-event*
When using one of the "*Cmd" events, the matching autocommands are expected to
do the file reading, writing or sourcing. This can be used when working with
a special kind of file, for example on a remote system.
CAREFUL: If you use these events in a wrong way, it may have the effect of
making it impossible to read or write the matching files! Make sure you test
your autocommands properly. Best is to use a pattern that will never match a
normal file name, for example "ftp://*".
When defining a BufReadCmd it will be difficult for Vim to recover a crashed
editing session. When recovering from the original file, Vim reads only those
parts of a file that are not found in the swap file. Since that is not
possible with a BufReadCmd, use the |:preserve| command to make sure the
original file isn't needed for recovery. You might want to do this only when
you expect the file to be modified.
For file read and write commands the |v:cmdarg| variable holds the "++enc="
and "++ff=" argument that are effective. These should be used for the command
that reads/writes the file. The |v:cmdbang| variable is one when "!" was
used, zero otherwise.
See the $VIMRUNTIME/plugin/netrw.vim for examples.
==============================================================================
11. Disabling autocommands *autocmd-disable*
To disable autocommands for some time use the 'eventignore' option. Note that
this may cause unexpected behavior, make sure you restore 'eventignore'
afterwards, using a |:try| block with |:finally|.
*:noautocmd* *:noa*
To disable autocommands for just one command use the ":noautocmd" command
modifier. This will set 'eventignore' to "all" for the duration of the
following command. Example: >
:noautocmd w fname.gz
This will write the file without triggering the autocommands defined by the
gzip plugin.
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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