.TH ETHER 3 
.SH NAME
ether \- Ethernet device
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B bind -a #l\fIn\fP /net

.BI /net/ether n /clone
.BI /net/ether n /addr
.BI /net/ether n /ifstats
.BI /net/ether n /stats
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]/data
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]/ctl
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]/ifstats
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]/stats
.BI /net/ether n /[0-7]/type
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The Ethernet interface,
.BI /net/ether n\f1,
is a directory
containing subdirectories, one for each distinct Ethernet packet type,
and
.BR clone ,
.BR addr ,
.BR ifstats ,
and
.B stats
files.
.B stats
and
.B ifstats
are the same as in the subdirectories (see below).
Reading
.B addr
returns the MAC address of this interface in hex with no punctuation
and no trailing newline.
The number
.I n
(optional in the bind)
is the device number of the card, permitting multiple cards to be used on a single machine.
.PP
Each directory contains files to control the associated connection,
receive and send data,
and supply statistics.
Incoming Ethernet packets are demultiplexed by packet type and passed up
the corresponding open connection.
Reading from the
.B data
file reads packets of that type arriving from the network.
A read will terminate at packet boundaries.
Each write to the
.B data
file causes a packet to be sent.
The Ethernet address of the interface is inserted into
the packet header as the source address.
.PP
A connection is assigned to a packet type by opening its
.B ctl
file and
writing 
.B connect
.I n
where
.I n
is a decimal integer constant identifying the Ethernet packet type.
A type of \-1 enables the connection to receive copies of packets of
all types.  A type of \-2 enables the connection to receive copies of
the first 64 bytes of packets of all types.  Other types must be unique.
If multiple connections may receive a given packet type,
a copy of each packet is passed up each connection.
.PP
Some interfaces also accept unique options when written to the
.I ctl
(or
.IR clone )
file; see the description of
.I wavelan
in
.IR plan9.ini (8).
.PP
Reading the
.B ctl
file returns the decimal index of the associated connection, 0 through 7.
Reading the
.B type
file returns the decimal value of the assigned Ethernet packet type.
Reading the
.B stats
file returns status information such as the Ethernet address of the
card and general statistics, independent of the interface;
.B ifstats
contains device-specific data and statistics about the card.
.PP
An interface normally receives only those packets whose 
destination address is that of the interface, the
broadcast address,
.BR ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ,
or a a multicast address assigned to the interface.
Multicast addresses are added by writing
.B addmulti
.I ea
and remove by writing
.B remmulti
.I ea
to the
.B ctl
file.  Multicast addresses are automatically dropped when
the connection is closed.
The interface can be made to receive all packets on the
network by writing the string 
.B promiscuous
to the
.B ctl
file. 
The interface remains promiscuous until the control file is
closed by all connections requesting promiscuous mode.
The extra packets are passed up connections of types \-1
and \-2 only.
.PP
Writing
.B bridge
to the
.B ctl
file causes loop back packets to be ignored.  This is useful for
layer 3 bridging.
Writing
.B scanbs
[
.I secs
]
starts a scan for wireless base stations and sets the
scanning interval to
.IR secs.
Scanning is terminated when the connection is closed.
The default interval is 5s.  
For wired connections, this command is ignored.
.PP
Writing
.B headersonly
causes the connection to return only the first
58 bytes of the packet followed by a two-byte
length and a four-byte time in machine ticks.
Both numbers are in big-endian format.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/9/*/devether.c
.br
.B /sys/src/9/port/netif.c