/***** spin: pangen6.h *****/

/* Copyright (c) 2006-2007 by the California Institute of Technology.     */
/* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. United States Government Sponsorship acknowledged */
/* Supporting routines for a multi-core extension of the SPIN software    */
/* Developed as part of Reliable Software Engineering Project ESAS/6G     */
/* Like all SPIN Software this software is for educational purposes only. */
/* No guarantee whatsoever is expressed or implied by the distribution of */
/* this code.  Permission is given to distribute this code provided that  */
/* this introductory message is not removed and no monies are exchanged.  */
/* Any commercial use must be negotiated with the Office of Technology    */
/* Transfer at the California Institute of Technology.                    */
/* Software written by Gerard J. Holzmann.  For tool documentation see:   */
/*             http://spinroot.com/                                       */
/* Bug-reports and/or questions can be send to: [email protected]         */

static char *Code2e[] = {
	"#if (NCORE>1 || defined(BFS_PAR)) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"	/* Test and Set assembly code */",
	"	#if defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)",
	"		int",
	"		tas(volatile int *s)	/* tested */",
	"		{	int r;",
	"			__asm__ __volatile__(",
	"				\"xchgl %%0, %%1 \\n\\t\"",
	"		       		: \"=r\"(r), \"=m\"(*s)",
	"				: \"0\"(1), \"m\"(*s)",
	"				: \"memory\");",
	"		",
	"			return r;",
	"		}",
	"	#elif defined(__arm__)",
	"		int",
	"		tas(volatile int *s)	/* not tested */",
	"		{	int r = 1;",
	"			__asm__ __volatile__(",
	"				\"swpb %%0, %%0, [%%3] \\n\"",
	"				: \"=r\"(r), \"=m\"(*s)",
	"				: \"0\"(r), \"r\"(s));",
	"",
	"			return r;",
	"		}",
	"	#elif defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__)",
	"		int",
	"		tas(volatile int *s)	/* not tested */",
	"		{	int r = 1;",
	"			__asm__ __volatile__(",
	"				\" ldstub [%%2], %%0 \\n\"",
	"				: \"=r\"(r), \"=m\"(*s)",
	"				: \"r\"(s));",
	"",
	"			return r;",
	"		}",
	"	#elif defined(ia64) || defined(__ia64__)",
	"		/* Intel Itanium */",
	"		int",
	"		tas(volatile int *s)	/* tested */",
	"		{	long int r;",
	"			__asm__ __volatile__(",
	"				\"	xchg4 	%%0=%%1,%%2	\\n\"",
	"		:		\"=r\"(r), \"+m\"(*s)",
	"		:		\"r\"(1)",
	"		:		\"memory\");",
	"			return (int) r;",
	"		}",
	"	#else",
	"		#error missing definition of test and set operation for this platform",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	#ifndef NO_CAS", /* linux, windows */
	"		#define cas(a,b,c) __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(a,b,c)",
	"	#else",
	"	int", /* workaround if the above is not available */
	"	cas(volatile uint32_t *a, uint32_t b, uint32_t c)",
	"	{	static volatile int cas_lock;",
	"		while (tas(&cas_lock) != 0) { ; }",
	"		if (*a == b)",
	"		{	*a = c;",
	"			cas_lock = 0;",
	"			return 1;",
	"		}",
	"		cas_lock = 0;",
	"		return 0;",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	0,
};

static char *Code2c[] = { /* multi-core option - Spin 5.0 and later */
	"#if NCORE>1",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"	#ifndef _CONSOLE",
	"		#define _CONSOLE",
	"	#endif",
	"	#ifdef WIN64",
	"		#undef long",
	"	#endif",
	"	#include <windows.h>",
	"	#ifdef WIN64",
	"		#define long	long long",
	"	#endif",
	"#else",
	"	#include <sys/ipc.h>",
	"	#include <sys/sem.h>",
	"	#include <sys/shm.h>",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"/* code common to cygwin/linux and win32/win64: */",
	"",
	"#ifdef VERBOSE",
	"	#define VVERBOSE	(1)",
	"#else",
	"	#define VVERBOSE	(0)",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"/* the following values must be larger than 256 and must fit in an int */",
	"#define QUIT		1024	/* terminate now command */",
	"#define QUERY		 512	/* termination status query message */",
	"#define QUERY_F	 513	/* query failed, cannot quit */",
	"",
	"#define GN_FRAMES	(int) (GWQ_SIZE / (double) sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"#define LN_FRAMES	(int) (LWQ_SIZE / (double) sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"",
	"#ifndef VMAX",
	"	#define VMAX	VECTORSZ",
	"#endif",
	"#ifndef PMAX",
	"	#define PMAX	64",
	"#endif",
	"#ifndef QMAX",
	"	#define QMAX	64",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"#if VECTORSZ>32000",
	"	#define OFFT	int",
	"#else",
	"	#define OFFT	short",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"#ifdef SET_SEG_SIZE",
	"	/* no longer usefule -- being recomputed for local heap size anyway */",
	"	double SEG_SIZE = (((double) SET_SEG_SIZE) * 1048576.);",
	"#else",
	"	double SEG_SIZE = (1048576.*1024.);	/* 1GB default shared memory pool segments */",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"double LWQ_SIZE = 0.; /* initialized in main */",
	"",
	"#ifdef SET_WQ_SIZE",
	"	#ifdef NGQ",
	"	#warning SET_WQ_SIZE applies to global queue -- ignored",
	"	double GWQ_SIZE = 0.;",
	"	#else",
	"	double GWQ_SIZE = (((double) SET_WQ_SIZE) * 1048576.);",
	"	/* must match the value in pan_proxy.c, if used */",
	"	#endif",
	"#else",
	"	#ifdef NGQ",
	"	double GWQ_SIZE = 0.;",
	"	#else",
	"	double GWQ_SIZE = (128.*1048576.);	/* 128 MB default queue sizes */",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"/* Crash Detection Parameters */",
	"#ifndef ONESECOND",
	"	#define ONESECOND	(1<<25)", /* name is somewhat of a misnomer */
	"#endif",
	"#ifndef SHORT_T",
	"	#define SHORT_T	(0.1)",
	"#endif",
	"#ifndef LONG_T",
	"	#define LONG_T	(600)",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"double OneSecond   = (double) (ONESECOND); /* waiting for a free slot -- checks crash */",
	"double TenSeconds  = 10. * (ONESECOND);    /* waiting for a lock -- check for a crash */",
	"",
	"/* Termination Detection Params -- waiting for new state input in Get_Full_Frame */",
	"double Delay       = ((double) SHORT_T) * (ONESECOND);	/* termination detection trigger */",
	"double OneHour     = ((double) LONG_T) * (ONESECOND);	/* timeout termination detection */",
	"",
	"typedef struct SM_frame     SM_frame;",
	"typedef struct SM_results   SM_results;",
	"typedef struct sh_Allocater sh_Allocater;",
	"",
	"struct SM_frame {			/* about 6K per slot */",
	"	volatile int	m_vsize;	/* 0 means free slot */",
	"	volatile int	m_boq;		/* >500 is a control message */",
	"#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	volatile struct Stack_Tree *m_stack;	/* ptr to previous state */",
	"#endif",
	"	volatile uchar	m_tau;",
	"	volatile uchar	m_o_pm;",
	"	volatile int	nr_handoffs;	/* to compute real_depth */",
	"	volatile char	m_now     [VMAX];",
	"#if !defined(NOCOMP) && !defined(HC)",
	"	volatile char	m_mask    [(VMAX + 7)/8];",
	"#endif",
	"	volatile OFFT	m_p_offset[PMAX];",
	"	volatile OFFT	m_q_offset[QMAX];",
	"	volatile uchar	m_p_skip  [PMAX];",
	"	volatile uchar	m_q_skip  [QMAX];",
	"#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1) && (HAS_STACK==1)",
	"	volatile uchar	m_c_stack [StackSize];",
		 /* captures contents of c_stack[] for unmatched objects */
	"#endif",
	"};",
	"",
	"int	proxy_pid;		/* id of proxy if nonzero -- receive half */",
	"int	store_proxy_pid;",
	"short	remote_party;",
	"int	proxy_pid_snd;		/* id of proxy if nonzero -- send half */",
	"char	o_cmdline[512];		/* to pass options to children */",
	"",
	"int	iamin[CS_NR+NCORE];		/* non-shared */",
	"",
"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"int tas(volatile LONG *);",
	"",
	"HANDLE		proxy_handle_snd;	/* for Windows Create and Terminate */",
	"",
	"struct sh_Allocater {			/* shared memory for states */",
	"	volatile char	*dc_arena;	/* to allocate states from */",
	"	volatile long	 pattern;	/* to detect overruns */",
	"	volatile long	 dc_size;	/* nr of bytes left */",
	"	volatile void	*dc_start;	/* where memory segment starts */",
	"	volatile void	*dc_id;		/* to attach, detach, remove shared memory segments */",
	"	volatile sh_Allocater *nxt;	/* linked list of pools */",
	"};",
	"DWORD		worker_pids[NCORE];	/* root mem of pids of all workers created */",
	"HANDLE		worker_handles[NCORE];	/* for windows Create and Terminate */",
	"void *		shmid      [NR_QS];	/* return value from CreateFileMapping */",
	"void *		shmid_M;		/* shared mem for state allocation in hashtable */",
	"",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	void *shmid_X;",
	"#else",
	"	void *shmid_S;			/* shared bitstate arena or hashtable */",
	"#endif",
"#else",
	"int tas(volatile int *);",
	"",
	"struct sh_Allocater {			/* shared memory for states */",
	"	volatile char	*dc_arena;	/* to allocate states from */",
	"	volatile long	 pattern;	/* to detect overruns */",
	"	volatile long	 dc_size;	/* nr of bytes left */",
	"	volatile char	*dc_start;	/* where memory segment starts */",
	"	volatile int	dc_id;		/* to attach, detach, remove shared memory segments */",
	"	volatile sh_Allocater *nxt;	/* linked list of pools */",
	"};",
	"",
	"int	worker_pids[NCORE];	/* root mem of pids of all workers created */",
	"int	shmid      [NR_QS];	/* return value from shmget */",
	"int	nibis = 0;		/* set after shared mem has been released */",
	"int	shmid_M;		/* shared mem for state allocation in hashtable */",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	long	shmid_X;",
	"#else",
	"	int	shmid_S;	/* shared bitstate arena or hashtable */",
	"	volatile sh_Allocater	*first_pool;	/* of shared state memory */",
	"	volatile sh_Allocater	*last_pool;",
	"#endif", /* SEP_STATE */
"#endif", /* WIN32 || WIN64 */
	"",
	"struct SM_results {			/* for shuttling back final stats */",
	"	volatile int	m_vsize;	/* avoid conflicts with frames */",
	"	volatile int	m_boq;		/* these 2 fields are not written in record_info */",
	"	/* probably not all fields really need to be volatile */",
	"	volatile double	m_memcnt;",
	"	volatile double	m_nstates;",
	"	volatile double	m_truncs;",
	"	volatile double	m_truncs2;",
	"	volatile double	m_nShadow;",
	"	volatile double	m_nlinks;",
	"	volatile double	m_ngrabs;",
	"	volatile double	m_nlost;",
	"	volatile double	m_hcmp;",
	"	volatile double	m_frame_wait;",
	"	volatile int	m_hmax;",
	"	volatile int	m_svmax;",
	"	volatile int	m_smax;",
	"	volatile int	m_mreached;",
	"	volatile int	m_errors;",
	"	volatile int	m_VMAX;",
	"	volatile short	m_PMAX;",
	"	volatile short	m_QMAX;",
	"	volatile uchar	m_R;		/* reached info for all proctypes */",
	"};",
	"",
	"int		core_id = 0;		/* internal process nr, to know which q to use */",
	"unsigned long	nstates_put = 0;	/* statistics */",
	"unsigned long	nstates_get = 0;",
	"int		query_in_progress = 0;	/* termination detection */",
	"",
	"double		free_wait  = 0.;	/* waiting for a free frame */",
	"double		frame_wait = 0.;	/* waiting for a full frame */",
	"double		lock_wait  = 0.;	/* waiting for access to cs */",
	"double		glock_wait[3];	/* waiting for access to global lock */",
	"",
	"char		*sprefix = \"rst\";",
	"uchar		was_interrupted, issued_kill, writing_trail;",
	"",
	"static SM_frame cur_Root;		/* current root, to be safe with error trails */",
	"",
	"SM_frame	*m_workq   [NR_QS];	/* per cpu work queues + global q */",
	"char		*shared_mem[NR_QS];	/* return value from shmat */",
	"#ifdef SEP_HEAP",
	"char		*my_heap;",
	"long		 my_size;",
	"#endif",
	"volatile sh_Allocater	*dc_shared;	/* assigned at initialization */",
	"",
	"static int	vmax_seen, pmax_seen, qmax_seen;",
	"static double	gq_tries, gq_hasroom, gq_hasnoroom;",
	"",
	"volatile int *prfree;",	/* [NCORE] */
	"volatile int *prfull;",	/* [NCORE] */
	"volatile int *prcnt;",		/* [NCORE] */
	"volatile int *prmax;",		/* [NCORE] */
	"",
	"volatile int	*sh_lock;	/* mutual exclusion locks - in shared memory */",
	"volatile double *is_alive;	/* to detect when processes crash */",
	"volatile int    *grfree, *grfull, *grcnt, *grmax;	/* access to shared global q */",
	"volatile double *gr_readmiss, *gr_writemiss;",
	"static   int	lrfree;		/* used for temporary recording of slot */",
	"static   int dfs_phase2;",
	"",
	"void mem_put(int);		/* handoff state to other cpu */",
	"void mem_put_acc(void);	/* liveness mode */",
	"void mem_get(void);		/* get state from work queue  */",
	"void sudden_stop(char *);",
	"",
	"void",
	"record_info(SM_results *r)",
	"{	int i;",
	"	uchar *ptr;",
	"",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	if (0)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"nstates %%g nshadow %%g -- memory %%-6.3f Mb\\n\",",
	"			nstates, nShadow, memcnt/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	r->m_memcnt = 0;",
	"#else",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
		"	r->m_memcnt = 0; /* it's shared */",
	"	#endif",
	"	r->m_memcnt = memcnt;",
	"#endif",
	"	if (a_cycles && core_id == 1)",
	"	{	r->m_nstates  = nstates;",
	"		r->m_nShadow  = nstates;",
	"	} else",
	"	{	r->m_nstates  = nstates;",
	"		r->m_nShadow  = nShadow;",
	"	}",
	"	r->m_truncs   = truncs;",
	"	r->m_truncs2  = truncs2;",
	"	r->m_nlinks   = nlinks;",
	"	r->m_ngrabs   = ngrabs;",
	"	r->m_nlost    = nlost;",
	"	r->m_hcmp     = hcmp;",
	"	r->m_frame_wait = frame_wait;",
	"	r->m_hmax     = hmax;",
	"	r->m_svmax    = svmax;",
	"	r->m_smax     = smax;",
	"	r->m_mreached = mreached;",
	"	r->m_errors   = errors;",
	"	r->m_VMAX     = vmax_seen;",
	"	r->m_PMAX     = (short) pmax_seen;",
	"	r->m_QMAX     = (short) qmax_seen;",
	"	ptr = (uchar *) &(r->m_R);",
	"	for (i = 0; i <= _NP_; i++)	/* all proctypes */",
	"	{	memcpy(ptr, reached[i], NrStates[i]*sizeof(uchar));",
	"		ptr += NrStates[i]*sizeof(uchar);",
	"	}",
	"	if (verbose>1)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"Put Results nstates %%g (sz %%d)\\n\", nstates, ptr - &(r->m_R));",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void snapshot(void);",
	"",
	"void",
	"retrieve_info(SM_results *r)",
	"{	int i, j;",
	"	volatile uchar *ptr;",
	"",
	"	snapshot();	/* for a final report */",
	"",
	"	enter_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"#ifdef SEP_HEAP",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: local heap-left %%ld KB (%%d MB)\\n\",",
	"			core_id, (long) (my_size/1024), (int) (my_size/1048576));",
	"	}",
	"#endif",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"qmax: \");",
	"		for (i = 0; i < NCORE; i++)",
	"		{	printf(\"%%d \", prmax[i]);",
	"		}",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"		printf(\"G: %%d\", *grmax);",
	"#endif",
	"		printf(\"\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"	leave_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"",
	"	memcnt  += r->m_memcnt;",
	"	nstates += r->m_nstates;",
	"	nShadow += r->m_nShadow;",
	"	truncs  += r->m_truncs;",
	"	truncs2 += r->m_truncs2;",
	"	nlinks  += r->m_nlinks;",
	"	ngrabs  += r->m_ngrabs;",
	"	nlost   += r->m_nlost;",
	"	hcmp    += r->m_hcmp;",
	"	/* frame_wait += r->m_frame_wait; */",
	"	errors  += r->m_errors;",
	"",
	"	if (hmax  < r->m_hmax)  hmax  = r->m_hmax;",
	"	if (svmax < r->m_svmax) svmax = r->m_svmax;",
	"	if (smax  < r->m_smax)  smax  = r->m_smax;",
	"	if (mreached < r->m_mreached) mreached = r->m_mreached;",
	"",
	"	if (vmax_seen < r->m_VMAX) vmax_seen = r->m_VMAX;",
	"	if (pmax_seen < (int) r->m_PMAX) pmax_seen = (int) r->m_PMAX;",
	"	if (qmax_seen < (int) r->m_QMAX) qmax_seen = (int) r->m_QMAX;",
	"",
	"	ptr = &(r->m_R);",
	"	for (i = 0; i <= _NP_; i++)	/* all proctypes */",
	"	{	for (j = 0; j < NrStates[i]; j++)",
	"		{	if (*(ptr + j) != 0)",
	"			{	reached[i][j] = 1;",
	"		}	}",
	"		ptr += NrStates[i]*sizeof(uchar);",
	"	}",
	"	if (verbose>1)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"Got Results (%%d)\\n\", (int) (ptr - &(r->m_R)));",
	"		snapshot();",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"static void",
	"rm_shared_segments(void)",
	"{	int m;",
	"	volatile sh_Allocater *nxt_pool;",
	"	/*",
	"	 * mark all shared memory segments for removal ",
	"	 * the actual removes wont happen intil last process dies or detaches",
	"	 * the shmctl calls can return -1 if not all procs have detached yet",
	"	 */",
	"	for (m = 0; m < NR_QS; m++)	/* +1 for global q */",
	"	{	if (shmid[m] != -1)",
	"		{	(void) shmctl(shmid[m], IPC_RMID, NULL);",
	"	}	}",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	if (shmid_M != -1)",
	"	{	(void) shmctl(shmid_M, IPC_RMID, NULL);",
	"	}",
	"#else",
	"	if (shmid_S != -1)",
	"	{	(void) shmctl(shmid_S, IPC_RMID, NULL);",
	"	}",
	"	for (last_pool = first_pool; last_pool != NULL; last_pool = nxt_pool)",
	"	{	shmid_M = (int) (last_pool->dc_id);",
	"		nxt_pool = last_pool->nxt;	/* as a pre-caution only */",
	"		if (shmid_M != -1)",
	"		{	(void) shmctl(shmid_M, IPC_RMID, NULL);",
	"	}	}",
	"#endif",
	"}",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"void",
	"sudden_stop(char *s)",
	"{	char b[64];",
	"	int i;",
	"",
	"	printf(\"cpu%%d: stop - %%s\\n\", core_id, s);",
	"#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"	if (proxy_pid != 0)",
	"	{	rm_shared_segments();",
	"	}",
	"#endif",
	"	if (search_terminated != NULL)",
	"	{	if (*search_terminated != 0)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: termination initiated (%%d)\\n\",",
	"					core_id, (int) *search_terminated);",
	"			}",
	"		} else",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: initiated termination\\n\", core_id);",
	"			}",
	"			*search_terminated |= 8;	/* sudden_stop */",
	"		}",
	"		if (core_id == 0)",
	"		{	if (((*search_terminated) & 4)	/* uerror in one of the cpus */",
	"			&& !((*search_terminated) & (8|32|128|256))) /* abnormal stop */",
	"			{	if (errors == 0) errors++; /* we know there is at least 1 */",
	"			}",
	"			wrapup(); /* incomplete stats, but at least something */",
	"		}",
	"		return;",
	"	} /* else: should rarely happen, take more drastic measures */",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)	/* local root process */",
	"	{	for (i = 1; i < NCORE; i++)	/* not for 0 of course */",
	"		{	int ignore;",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"				DWORD dwExitCode = 0;",
	"				GetExitCodeProcess(worker_handles[i], &dwExitCode);",
	"				if (dwExitCode == STILL_ACTIVE)",
	"				{	TerminateProcess(worker_handles[i], 0);",
	"				}",
	"				printf(\"cpu0: terminate %%d %%d\\n\",",
	"					(int) worker_pids[i], (dwExitCode == STILL_ACTIVE));",
	"#else",
	"				sprintf(b, \"kill -%%d %%d\", (int) SIGKILL, (int) worker_pids[i]);",
	"				ignore = system(b);	/* if this is a proxy: receive half */",
	"				printf(\"cpu0: %%s\\n\", b);",
	"#endif",
	"		}",
	"		issued_kill++;",
	"	} else",
	"	{	/* on WIN32/WIN64 -- these merely kills the root process... */",
	"		if (was_interrupted == 0)",	/* 2=SIGINT to root to trigger stop */
	"		{	int ignore;",
	"			sprintf(b, \"kill -%%d %%d\", (int) SIGINT, (int) worker_pids[0]);",
	"			ignore = system(b);	/* warn the root process */",
	"			printf(\"cpu%%d: %%s\\n\", core_id, b);",
	"			issued_kill++;",
	"	}	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"#define iam_alive()	is_alive[core_id]++",	/* for crash detection */
	"",
	"extern int crash_test(double);",
	"extern void crash_reset(void);",
	"",
	"int",
	"someone_crashed(int wait_type)",
	"{	static double last_value = 0.0;",
	"	static int count = 0;",
	"",
	"	if (search_terminated == NULL",
	"	|| *search_terminated != 0)",
	"	{",
	"		if (!(*search_terminated & (8|32|128|256)))",
	"		{	if (count++ < 100*NCORE)",
	"			{	return 0;",
	"		}	}",
	"		return 1;",
	"	}",
	"	/* check left neighbor only */",
	"	if (last_value == is_alive[(core_id + NCORE - 1) %% NCORE])",
	"	{	if (count++ >= 100)	/* to avoid unnecessary checks */",
	"		{	return 1;",
	"		}",
	"		return 0;",
	"	}",
	"	last_value = is_alive[(core_id + NCORE - 1) %% NCORE];",
	"	count = 0;",
	"	crash_reset();",
	"	return 0;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"sleep_report(void)",
	"{",
	"	enter_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{",
	"#ifdef NGQ",
	"		printf(\"cpu%%d: locks: global %%g\\tother %%g\\t\",",
	"			core_id, glock_wait[0], lock_wait - glock_wait[0]);",
	"#else",
	"		printf(\"cpu%%d: locks: GL %%g, RQ %%g, WQ %%g, HT %%g\\t\",",
	"			core_id, glock_wait[0], glock_wait[1], glock_wait[2],",
	"			lock_wait - glock_wait[0] - glock_wait[1] - glock_wait[2]);",
	"#endif",
	"		printf(\"waits: states %%g slots %%g\\n\", frame_wait, free_wait);",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"		printf(\"cpu%%d: gq [tries %%g, room %%g, noroom %%g]\\n\", core_id, gq_tries, gq_hasroom, gq_hasnoroom);",
	"		if (core_id == 0 && (*gr_readmiss >= 1.0 || *gr_readmiss >= 1.0 || *grcnt != 0))",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: gq [readmiss: %%g, writemiss: %%g cnt %%d]\\n\", *gr_readmiss, *gr_writemiss, *grcnt);",
	"#endif",
	"	}",
	"	if (free_wait > 1000000.)",
	"	#ifndef NGQ",
	"	if (!a_cycles)",
	"	{	printf(\"hint: this search may be faster with a larger work-queue\\n\");",
	"		printf(\"	(-DSET_WQ_SIZE=N with N>%%g), and/or with -DUSE_DISK\\n\",",
	"			GWQ_SIZE/sizeof(SM_frame));",
	"		printf(\"      or with a larger value for -zN (N>%%ld)\\n\", z_handoff);",
	"	#else",
	"	{	printf(\"hint: this search may be faster if compiled without -DNGQ, with -DUSE_DISK, \");",
	"		printf(\"or with a larger -zN (N>%%d)\\n\", z_handoff);",
	"	#endif",
	"	}",
	"	leave_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"}",
	"",
	"#ifndef MAX_DSK_FILE",
	"	#define MAX_DSK_FILE	1000000	/* default is max 1M states per file */",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"void",
	"multi_usage(FILE *fd)",
	"{	static int warned = 0;",
	"	if (warned > 0) { return; } else { warned++; }",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"Defining multi-core mode:\\n\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DDUAL_CORE --> same as -DNCORE=2\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DQUAD_CORE --> same as -DNCORE=4\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DNCORE=N   --> enables multi_core verification if N>1\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"Additional directives supported in multi-core mode:\\n\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DSEP_STATE --> forces separate statespaces instead of a single shared state space\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DNUSE_DISK --> use disk for storing states when a work queue overflows\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DMAX_DSK_FILE --> max nr of states per diskfile (%%d)\\n\", MAX_DSK_FILE);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DFULL_TRAIL --> support full error trails (increases memory use)\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"More advanced use (should rarely need changing):\\n\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To change the nr of states that can be stored in the global queue\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     (lower numbers allow for more states to be stored, prefer multiples of 8):\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DVMAX=N    --> upperbound on statevector for handoffs (N=%%d)\\n\", VMAX);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DPMAX=N    --> upperbound on nr of procs (default: N=%%d)\\n\", PMAX);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DQMAX=N    --> upperbound on nr of channels (default: N=%%d)\\n\", QMAX);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
#if 0
	"#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To change the size of spin's individual shared memory segments for cygwin/linux:\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DSET_SEG_SIZE=N --> default %%g (Mbytes)\\n\", SEG_SIZE/(1048576.));",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"#endif",
#endif
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To set the total amount of memory reserved for the global workqueue:\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DSET_WQ_SIZE=N --> default: N=128 (defined in MBytes)\\n\\n\");",
#if 0
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To omit the global workqueue completely (bad idea):\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DNGQ\\n\\n\");",
#endif
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To force the use of a single global heap, instead of separate heaps:\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DGLOB_HEAP\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     To define a fct to initialize data before spawning processes (use quotes):\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        \\\"-DC_INIT=fct()\\\"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"     Timer settings for termination and crash detection:\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DSHORT_T=N --> timeout for termination detection trigger (N=%%g)\\n\", (double) SHORT_T);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DLONG_T=N  --> timeout for giving up on termination detection (N=%%g)\\n\", (double) LONG_T);",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DONESECOND --> (1<<29) --> timeout waiting for a free slot -- to check for crash\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"        -DT_ALERT   --> collect stats on crash alert timeouts\\n\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"Help with Linux/Windows/Cygwin configuration for multi-core:\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"	http://spinroot.com/spin/multicore/V5_Readme.html\\n\");",
	"	fprintf(fd, \"\\n\");",
	"}",
	"#if NCORE>1 && defined(FULL_TRAIL)",
	"typedef struct Stack_Tree {",
	"	uchar	      pr;	/* process that made transition */",
	"	T_ID	    t_id;	/* id of transition */",
	"	volatile struct Stack_Tree *prv; /* backward link towards root */",
	"} Stack_Tree;",
	"",
	"H_el *grab_shared(int);",
	"volatile Stack_Tree **stack_last; /* in shared memory */",
	"char *stack_cache = NULL;	/* local */",
	"int  nr_cached = 0;		/* local */",
	"",
	"#ifndef CACHE_NR",
	"	#define CACHE_NR	1024",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"volatile Stack_Tree *",
	"stack_prefetch(void)",
	"{	volatile Stack_Tree *st;",
	"",
	"	if (nr_cached == 0)",
	"	{	stack_cache = (char *) grab_shared(CACHE_NR * sizeof(Stack_Tree));",
	"		nr_cached = CACHE_NR;",
	"	}",
	"	st = (volatile Stack_Tree *) stack_cache;",
	"	stack_cache += sizeof(Stack_Tree);",
	"	nr_cached--;",
	"	return st;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"Push_Stack_Tree(short II, T_ID t_id)",
	"{	volatile Stack_Tree *st;",
	"",
	"	st = (volatile Stack_Tree *) stack_prefetch();",
	"	st->pr = II;",
	"	st->t_id = t_id;",
	"	st->prv = (Stack_Tree *) stack_last[core_id];",
	"	stack_last[core_id] = st;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"Pop_Stack_Tree(void)",
	"{	volatile Stack_Tree *cf = stack_last[core_id];",
	"",
	"	if (cf)",
	"	{	stack_last[core_id] = cf->prv;",
	"	} else if (nr_handoffs * z_handoff + depth > 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: error pop_stack_tree (depth %%d)\\n\",",
	"			core_id, depth);",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"#endif", /* NCORE>1 && FULL_TRAIL */
	"",
	"void",
	"e_critical(int which)",
	"{	double cnt_start;",
	"",
	"	if (readtrail || iamin[which] > 0)",
	"	{	if (!readtrail && verbose)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu%%d: Double Lock on %%d (now %%d)\\n\",",
	"				core_id, which, iamin[which]+1);",
	"			fflush(stdout);",
	"		}",
	"		iamin[which]++;	/* local variable */",
	"		return;",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	cnt_start = lock_wait;",
	"",
	"	while (sh_lock != NULL)	/* as long as we have shared memory */",
	"	{	int r = tas(&sh_lock[which]);",
	"		if (r == 0)",
	"		{	iamin[which] = 1;",
	"			return;		/* locked */",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		lock_wait++;",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"		if (which < 3) { glock_wait[which]++; }",
	"#else",
	"		if (which == 0) { glock_wait[which]++; }",
	"#endif",
	"		iam_alive();",
	"",
	"		if (lock_wait - cnt_start > TenSeconds)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu%%d: lock timeout on %%d\\n\", core_id, which);",
	"			cnt_start = lock_wait;",
	"			if (someone_crashed(1))",
	"			{	sudden_stop(\"lock timeout\");",
	"				pan_exit(1);",
	"	}	}	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"x_critical(int which)",
	"{",
	"	if (iamin[which] != 1)",
	"	{	if (iamin[which] > 1)",
	"		{	iamin[which]--;	/* this is thread-local - no races on this one */",
	"			if (!readtrail && verbose)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: Partial Unlock on %%d (%%d more needed)\\n\",",
	"					core_id, which, iamin[which]);",
	"				fflush(stdout);",
	"			}",
	"			return;",
	"		} else /* iamin[which] <= 0 */",
	"		{	if (!readtrail)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: Invalid Unlock iamin[%%d] = %%d\\n\",",
	"					core_id, which, iamin[which]);",
	"				fflush(stdout);",
	"			}",
	"			return;",
	"	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (sh_lock != NULL)",
	"	{	iamin[which]   = 0;",
	"		sh_lock[which] = 0;	/* unlock */",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"start_proxy(char *s, DWORD r_pid)",
	"#else",
	"start_proxy(char *s, int r_pid)",
	"#endif",
	"{	char  Q_arg[16], Z_arg[16], Y_arg[16];",
	"	char *args[32], *ptr;",
	"	int   argcnt = 0;",
	"",
	"	sprintf(Q_arg, \"-Q%%d\", getpid());",
	"	sprintf(Y_arg, \"-Y%%d\", r_pid);",
	"	sprintf(Z_arg, \"-Z%%d\", proxy_pid /* core_id */);",
	"",
	"	args[argcnt++] = \"proxy\";",
	"	args[argcnt++] = s; /* -r or -s */",
	"	args[argcnt++] = Q_arg;",
	"	args[argcnt++] = Z_arg;",
	"	args[argcnt++] = Y_arg;",
	"",
	"	if (strlen(o_cmdline) > 0)",
	"	{	ptr = o_cmdline; /* assume args separated by spaces */",
	"		do {	args[argcnt++] = ptr++;",
	"			if ((ptr = strchr(ptr, ' ')) != NULL)",
	"			{	while (*ptr == ' ')",
	"				{	*ptr++ = '\\0';",
	"				}",
	"			} else",
	"			{	break;",
	"			}",
	"		} while (argcnt < 31);",
	"	}",
	"	args[argcnt] = NULL;",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"	execvp(\"pan_proxy\", args); /* no return */",
	"#else",
	"	execvp(\"./pan_proxy\", args); /* no return */",
	"#endif",
	"	Uerror(\"pan_proxy exec failed\");",
	"}",
	"/*** end of common code fragment ***/",
	"",
	"#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"void",
	"init_shm(void)		/* initialize shared work-queues - linux/cygwin */",
	"{	key_t	key[NR_QS];",
	"	int	n, m;",
	"	int	must_exit = 0;",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 3: allocate shared workqueues %%g MB\\n\",",
	"			((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE) / (1048576.) );",
	"	}",
	"	for (m = 0; m < NR_QS; m++)		/* last q is the global q */",
	"	{	double qsize = (m == NCORE) ? GWQ_SIZE : LWQ_SIZE;",
	"		key[m] = ftok(PanSource, m+1);", /* m must be nonzero, 1..NCORE */
	"		if (key[m] == -1)",
	"		{	perror(\"ftok shared queues\"); must_exit = 1; break;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		if (core_id == 0)	/* root creates */",
	"		{	/* check for stale copy */",
	"			shmid[m] = shmget(key[m], (size_t) qsize, 0600);",
	"			if (shmid[m] != -1)	/* yes there is one; remove it */",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu0: removing stale q%%d, status: %%d\\n\",",
	"					m, shmctl(shmid[m], IPC_RMID, NULL));",
	"			}",
	"			shmid[m] = shmget(key[m], (size_t) qsize, 0600|IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL);",
	"			memcnt += qsize;",
	"		} else			/* workers attach */",
	"		{	shmid[m] = shmget(key[m], (size_t) qsize, 0600);",
	"			/* never called, since we create shm *before* we fork */",
	"		}",
	"		if (shmid[m] == -1)",
	"		{	perror(\"shmget shared queues\"); must_exit = 1; break;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		shared_mem[m] = (char *) shmat(shmid[m], (void *) 0, 0);	/* attach */",
	"		if (shared_mem[m] == (char *) -1)",
	"		{ fprintf(stderr, \"error: cannot attach shared wq %%d (%%d Mb)\\n\",",
	"				m+1, (int) (qsize/(1048576.)));",
	"		  perror(\"shmat shared queues\"); must_exit = 1; break;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		m_workq[m] = (SM_frame *) shared_mem[m];",
	"		if (core_id == 0)",
	"		{	int nframes = (m == NCORE) ? GN_FRAMES : LN_FRAMES;",
	"			for (n = 0; n < nframes; n++)",
	"			{	m_workq[m][n].m_vsize = 0;",
	"				m_workq[m][n].m_boq = 0;",
	"	}	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (must_exit)",
	"	{	rm_shared_segments();",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);	/* calls cleanup_shm */",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"static uchar *",
	"prep_shmid_S(size_t n)		/* either sets SS or H_tab, linux/cygwin */",
	"{	char	*rval;",
	"#ifndef SEP_STATE",
	"	key_t	key;",
	"",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: step 1: allocate shared bitstate %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			(double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	#else",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: step 1: allocate shared hastable %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			(double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	#endif",
	"	}",
	"	#ifdef MEMLIM", /* memlim has a value */
	"	if (memcnt + (double) n > memlim)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: S %%8g + %%d Kb exceeds memory limit of %%8g Mb\\n\",",
	"			memcnt/1024., (int) (n/1024), memlim/(1048576.));",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: insufficient memory -- aborting\\n\");",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	key = ftok(PanSource, NCORE+2);	/* different from queues */",
	"	if (key == -1)",
	"	{	perror(\"ftok shared bitstate or hashtable\");",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)	/* root */",
	"	{	shmid_S = shmget(key, n, 0600);",
	"		if (shmid_S != -1)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu0: removing stale segment, status: %%d\\n\",",
	"				(int) shmctl(shmid_S, IPC_RMID, NULL));",
	"		}",
	"		shmid_S = shmget(key, n, 0600 | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);",
	"		memcnt += (double) n;",
	"	} else			/* worker */",
	"	{	shmid_S = shmget(key, n, 0600);",
	"	}",
	"	if (shmid_S == -1)",
	"	{	perror(\"shmget shared bitstate or hashtable too large?\");",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	rval = (char *) shmat(shmid_S, (void *) 0, 0);	/* attach */",
	"	if ((char *) rval == (char *) -1)",
	"	{	perror(\"shmat shared bitstate or hashtable\");",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"#else",
	"	rval = (char *) emalloc(n);",
	"#endif",
	"	return (uchar *) rval;",
	"}",
	"",
	"#define TRY_AGAIN	1",
	"#define NOT_AGAIN	0",
	"",
	"static char shm_prep_result;",
	"",
	"static uchar *",
	"prep_state_mem(size_t n)		/* sets memory arena for states linux/cygwin */",
	"{	char	*rval;",
	"	key_t	key;",
	"	static int cnt = 3;		/* start larger than earlier ftok calls */",
	"",
	"	shm_prep_result = NOT_AGAIN;	/* default */",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 2+: pre-allocate memory arena %%d of %%6.2g Mb\\n\",",
	"			cnt-3, (double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	#ifdef MEMLIM",
	"	if (memcnt + (double) n > memlim)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: error: M %%.0f + %%.0f Kb exceeds memory limit of %%.0f Mb\\n\",",
	"			memcnt/1024.0, (double) n/1024.0, memlim/(1048576.));",
	"		return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	key = ftok(PanSource, NCORE+cnt); cnt++;", /* starts at NCORE+3 */
	"	if (key == -1)",
	"	{	perror(\"ftok T\");",
	"		printf(\"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)",
	"	{	shmid_M = shmget(key, n, 0600);",
	"		if (shmid_M != -1)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu0: removing stale memory segment %%d, status: %%d\\n\",",
	"				cnt-3, shmctl(shmid_M, IPC_RMID, NULL));",
	"		}",
	"		shmid_M = shmget(key, n, 0600 | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL);",
	"		/* memcnt += (double) n; -- only amount actually used is counted */",
	"	} else",
	"	{	shmid_M = shmget(key, n, 0600);",
	"	",
	"	}",
	"	if (shmid_M == -1)",
	"	{	if (verbose)",
	"		{	printf(\"error: failed to get pool of shared memory %%d of %%.0f Mb\\n\",",
	"				cnt-3, ((double)n)/(1048576.));",
	"			perror(\"state mem\");",
	"			printf(\"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		}",
	"		shm_prep_result = TRY_AGAIN;",
	"		return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	rval = (char *) shmat(shmid_M, (void *) 0, 0);	/* attach */",
	"",
	"	if ((char *) rval == (char *) -1)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d error: failed to attach pool of shared memory %%d of %%.0f Mb\\n\",",
	"			 core_id, cnt-3, ((double)n)/(1048576.));",
	"		perror(\"state mem\");",
	"		return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	return (uchar *) rval;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"init_HT(unsigned long n)	/* cygwin/linux version */",
	"{	volatile char	*x;",
	"	double  get_mem;",
	"#ifndef SEP_STATE",
	"	volatile char	*dc_mem_start;",
	"	double  need_mem, got_mem = 0.;",
	"#endif",
	"",
"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	" #ifndef MEMLIM",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: steps 0,1: no -DMEMLIM set\\n\");", /* cannot happen */
	"	}",
	" #else",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: steps 0,1: -DMEMLIM=%%d Mb - (hashtable %%g Mb + workqueues %%g Mb)\\n\",",
	"		MEMLIM, ((double)n/(1048576.)), (((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE) + GWQ_SIZE) /(1048576.) );",
	"	}",
	" #endif",
	"	get_mem = NCORE * sizeof(double) + (1 + CS_NR) * sizeof(void *) + 4*sizeof(void *) + 2*sizeof(double);",
	"	/* NCORE * is_alive + search_terminated + CS_NR * sh_lock + 6 gr vars */",
	"	get_mem += 4 * NCORE * sizeof(void *); /* prfree, prfull, prcnt, prmax */",
	" #ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	get_mem += (NCORE) * sizeof(Stack_Tree *); /* NCORE * stack_last */",
	" #endif",
	"	x = (volatile char *) prep_state_mem((size_t) get_mem); /* work queues and basic structs */",
	"	shmid_X = (long) x;",
	"	if (x == NULL)", /* do not repeat for smaller sizes */
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: could not allocate shared memory, see ./pan --\\n\");",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"	search_terminated = (volatile unsigned int *) x; /* comes first */",
	"	x += sizeof(void *); /* maintain alignment */",
	"",
	"	is_alive   = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"	sh_lock   = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += CS_NR * sizeof(void *);", /* allow 1 word per entry */
	"",
	"	grfree    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grfull    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grcnt    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grmax    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfree = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfull = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prcnt = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prmax = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	gr_readmiss    = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"	gr_writemiss    = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"	#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"		stack_last = (volatile Stack_Tree **) x;",
	"		x += NCORE * sizeof(Stack_Tree *);",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	#ifndef BITSTATE",
	"		H_tab = (H_el **) emalloc(n);",
	"	#endif",
"#else",
	"	#ifndef MEMLIM",
	"		#warning MEMLIM not set", /* cannot happen */
	"		#define MEMLIM	(2048)",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 0: -DMEMLIM=%%d Mb minus hashtable+workqs (%%g + %%g Mb) leaves %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			MEMLIM, ((double)n/(1048576.)), (NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE)/(1048576.),",
	"			(memlim - memcnt - (double) n - (NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE))/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	#ifndef BITSTATE",
	"		H_tab = (H_el **) prep_shmid_S((size_t) n);	/* hash_table */",
	"	#endif",
	"	need_mem = memlim - memcnt - ((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE) - GWQ_SIZE;",
	"	if (need_mem <= 0.)",
	"	{	Uerror(\"internal error -- shared state memory\");",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 2: pre-allocate shared state memory %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			need_mem/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"#ifdef SEP_HEAP",
	"	SEG_SIZE = need_mem / NCORE;",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: setting segsize to %%6g MB\\n\",",
	"			SEG_SIZE/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	#if defined(CYGWIN) || defined(__CYGWIN__)",
	"	if (SEG_SIZE > 512.*1024.*1024.)",
	"	{	printf(\"warning: reducing SEG_SIZE of %%g MB to 512MB (exceeds max for Cygwin)\\n\",",
	"			SEG_SIZE/(1024.*1024.));",
	"		SEG_SIZE = 512.*1024.*1024.;",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"	mem_reserved = need_mem;",
	"	while (need_mem > 1024.)",
	"	{	get_mem = need_mem;",
	"shm_more:",
	"		if (get_mem > (double) SEG_SIZE)",
	"		{	get_mem = (double) SEG_SIZE;",
	"		}",
	"		if (get_mem <= 0.0) break;",
	"",
	"		/* for allocating states: */",
	"		x = dc_mem_start = (volatile char *) prep_state_mem((size_t) get_mem);",
	"		if (x == NULL)",
	"		{	if (shm_prep_result == NOT_AGAIN",
	"			||  first_pool != NULL",
	"			||  SEG_SIZE < (16. * 1048576.))",
	"			{	break;",
	"			}",
	"			SEG_SIZE /= 2.;",
	"			if (verbose)",
	"			{	printf(\"pan: lowered segsize to %f\\n\", SEG_SIZE);",
	"			}",
	"			if (SEG_SIZE >= 1024.)",
	"			{	goto shm_more;", /* always terminates */
	"			}",
	"			break;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		need_mem -= get_mem;",
	"		got_mem  += get_mem;",
	"		if (first_pool == NULL)",
	"		{	search_terminated = (volatile unsigned int *) x; /* comes first */",
	"			x += sizeof(void *); /* maintain alignment */",
	"",
	"			is_alive   = (volatile double *) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"			sh_lock   = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += CS_NR * sizeof(void *);", /* allow 1 word per entry */
	"",
	"			grfree    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(void *);",
	"			grfull    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(void *);",
	"			grcnt    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(void *);",
	"			grmax    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(void *);",
	"			prfree = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"			prfull = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"			prcnt = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"			prmax = (volatile int *) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"			gr_readmiss  = (volatile double *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(double);",
	"			gr_writemiss = (volatile double *) x;",
	"			x += sizeof(double);",
	" #ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"			stack_last = (volatile Stack_Tree **) x;",
	"			x += NCORE * sizeof(Stack_Tree *);",
	" #endif",
	"			if (((long)x)&(sizeof(void *)-1)) /* 64-bit word alignment */",
	"			{	x += sizeof(void *)-(((long)x)&(sizeof(void *)-1));",
	"			}",
	"",
	"			#ifdef COLLAPSE",
	"			ncomps = (unsigned long *) x;",
	"			x += (256+2) * sizeof(unsigned long);",
	"			#endif",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		dc_shared = (sh_Allocater *) x; /* must be in shared memory */",
	"		x += sizeof(sh_Allocater);",
	"",
	"		if (core_id == 0)	/* root only */",
	"		{	dc_shared->dc_id     = shmid_M;",
	"			dc_shared->dc_start  = dc_mem_start;",
	"			dc_shared->dc_arena  = x;",
	"			dc_shared->pattern   = 1234567; /* protection */",
	"			dc_shared->dc_size   = (long) get_mem - (long) (x - dc_mem_start);",
	"			dc_shared->nxt       = (long) 0;",
	"",
	"			if (last_pool == NULL)",
	"			{	first_pool = last_pool = dc_shared;",
	"			} else",
	"			{	last_pool->nxt = dc_shared;",
	"				last_pool = dc_shared;",
	"			}",
	"		} else if (first_pool == NULL)",
	"		{	first_pool = dc_shared;",
	"	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (need_mem > 1024.)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: could allocate only %%g Mb of shared memory (wanted %%g more)\\n\",",
	"			got_mem/(1048576.), need_mem/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (!first_pool)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: insufficient memory -- aborting.\\n\");",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"	/* we are still single-threaded at this point, with core_id 0 */",
	"	dc_shared = first_pool;",
	"",
"#endif", /* !SEP_STATE */
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"cleanup_shm(int val)",
	"{	volatile sh_Allocater *nxt_pool;",
	"	unsigned long cnt = 0;",
	"	int m;",
	"",
	"	if (nibis != 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: Redundant call to cleanup_shm(%%d)\\n\", core_id, val);",
	"		return;",
	"	} else",
	"	{	nibis = 1;",
	"	}",
	"	if (search_terminated != NULL)",
	"	{	*search_terminated |= 16; /* cleanup_shm */",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	for (m = 0; m < NR_QS; m++)",
	"	{	if (shmdt((void *) shared_mem[m]) > 0)",
	"		{	perror(\"shmdt detaching from shared queues\");",
	"	}	}",
	"",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	if (shmdt((void *) shmid_X) != 0)",
	"	{	perror(\"shmdt detaching from shared state memory\");",
	"	}",
	"#else",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		if (SS > 0 && shmdt((void *) SS) != 0)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	perror(\"shmdt detaching from shared bitstate arena\");",
	"		}	}",
	"	#else",
	"		if (core_id == 0)",
	"		{	/* before detaching: */",
	"			for (nxt_pool = dc_shared; nxt_pool != NULL; nxt_pool = nxt_pool->nxt)",
	"			{	cnt += nxt_pool->dc_size;",
	"			}",
	"			if (verbose)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu0: done, %%ld Mb of shared state memory left\\n\",",
	"					cnt / (long)(1048576));",
	"		}	}",
	"",
	"		if (shmdt((void *) H_tab) != 0)",
	"		{	perror(\"shmdt detaching from shared hashtable\");",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		for (last_pool = first_pool; last_pool != NULL; last_pool = nxt_pool)",
	"		{	nxt_pool = last_pool->nxt;",
	"			if (shmdt((void *) last_pool->dc_start) != 0)",
	"			{	perror(\"shmdt detaching from shared state memory\");",
	"		}	}",
	"		first_pool = last_pool = NULL;	/* precaution */",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"	/* detached from shared memory - so cannot use cpu_printf */",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: done -- got %%ld states from queue\\n\",",
	"			core_id, nstates_get);",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"extern void give_up(int);",
	"extern void Read_Queue(int);",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_get(void)",
	"{	SM_frame   *f;",
	"	int is_parent;",
	"",
	"#if defined(MA) && !defined(SEP_STATE)",
	"	#error MA without SEP_STATE is not supported with multi-core",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef BFS",
	"	#error instead of -DNCORE -DBFS use -DBFS_PAR",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef SC",
	"	#error SC is not supported with multi-core",
	"#endif",
	"	init_shm();	/* we are single threaded when this starts */",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 4: calling fork()\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"	fflush(stdout);",
	"",
	"/*	if NCORE > 1 the child or the parent should fork N-1 more times",
	" *	the parent is the only process with core_id == 0 and is_parent > 0",
	" *	the workers have is_parent = 0 and core_id = 1..NCORE-1",
	" */",
	"	if (core_id == 0)",
	"	{	worker_pids[0] = getpid();	/* for completeness */",
	"		while (++core_id < NCORE)	/* first worker sees core_id = 1 */",
	"		{	is_parent = fork();",
	"			if (is_parent == -1)",
	"			{	Uerror(\"fork failed\");",
	"			}",
	"			if (is_parent == 0)	/* this is a worker process */",
	"			{	if (proxy_pid == core_id)	/* always non-zero */",
	"				{	start_proxy(\"-r\", 0);	/* no return */",
	"				}",
	"				goto adapt;	/* root process continues spawning */",
	"			}",
	"			worker_pids[core_id] = is_parent;",
	"		}",
	"		/* note that core_id is now NCORE */",
	"		if (proxy_pid > 0 && proxy_pid < NCORE)", /* add send-half of proxy */
	"		{	proxy_pid_snd = fork();",
	"			if (proxy_pid_snd == -1)",
	"			{	Uerror(\"proxy fork failed\");",
	"			}",
	"			if (proxy_pid_snd == 0)",
	"			{	start_proxy(\"-s\", worker_pids[proxy_pid]); /* no return */",
	"		}	} /* else continue */",

	"		if (is_parent > 0)",
	"		{	core_id = 0;	/* reset core_id for root process */",
	"		}",
	"	} else	/* worker */",
	"	{	static char db0[16];	/* good for up to 10^6 cores */",
	"		static char db1[16];",
	"adapt:		tprefix = db0; sprefix = db1;",
	"		sprintf(tprefix, \"cpu%%d_trail\", core_id);",
	"		sprintf(sprefix, \"cpu%%d_rst\", core_id);",
	"		memcnt = 0;	/* count only additionally allocated memory */",
	"	}",
	"	signal(SIGINT, give_up);",
	"",
	"	if (proxy_pid == 0)		/* not in a cluster setup, pan_proxy must attach */",
	"	{	rm_shared_segments();	/* mark all shared segments for removal on exit */",
	"	}", /* doing it early means less chance of being unable to do this */
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"starting core_id %%d -- pid %%d\\n\", core_id, getpid());",
	"	}",

	"#if defined(SEP_HEAP) && !defined(SEP_STATE)",	/* set my_heap and adjust dc_shared */
	"	{	int i;",
	"		volatile sh_Allocater *ptr;",
	"		ptr = first_pool;",
	"		for (i = 0; i < NCORE  && ptr != NULL; i++)",
	"		{	if (i == core_id)",
	"			{	my_heap = (char *) ptr->dc_arena;",
	"				my_size = (long) ptr->dc_size;",
	"				if (verbose)",
	"				cpu_printf(\"local heap %%ld MB\\n\", my_size/(1048576));",
	"				break;",
	"			}",
	"			ptr = ptr->nxt; /* local */",
	"		}",
	"		if (my_heap == NULL)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu%%d: no local heap\\n\", core_id);",
	"			pan_exit(1);",
	"		} /* else */",
	"	#if defined(CYGWIN) || defined(__CYGWIN__)",
	"		ptr = first_pool;",
	"		for (i = 0; i < NCORE  && ptr != NULL; i++)",
	"		{	ptr = ptr->nxt; /* local */",
	"		}",
	"		dc_shared = ptr; /* any remainder */",
	"	#else",
	"		dc_shared = NULL; /* used all mem for local heaps */",
	"	#endif",
	"	}",
	"#endif",

	"	if (core_id == 0 && !remote_party)",
	"	{	new_state();		/* cpu0 explores root */",
	"		if (verbose)",
	"		cpu_printf(\"done with 1st dfs, nstates %%g (put %%d states), read q\\n\",",
	"			nstates, nstates_put);",
	"		dfs_phase2 = 1;",
	"	}",
	"	Read_Queue(core_id);	/* all cores */",
	"",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"put %%6d states into queue -- got %%6d\\n\",",
	"			nstates_put, nstates_get);",
	"	}",
	"	if (proxy_pid != 0)",
	"	{	rm_shared_segments();",
	"	}",
	"	done = 1;",
	"	wrapup();",
	"	exit(0);",
	"}",
	"",
	"#else",
	"int unpack_state(SM_frame *, int);",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"H_el *",
	"grab_shared(int n)",
	"{",
	"#ifndef SEP_STATE",
	"	char *rval = (char *) 0;",
	"",
	"	if (n == 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: grab shared zero\\n\", core_id); fflush(stdout);",
	"		return (H_el *) rval;",
	"	} else if (n&(sizeof(void *)-1))",
	"	{	n += sizeof(void *)-(n&(sizeof(void *)-1)); /* alignment */",
	"	}",
	"",
	"#ifdef SEP_HEAP",
	"	/* no locking */",
	"	if (my_heap != NULL && my_size > n)",
	"	{	rval = my_heap;",
	"		my_heap += n;",
	"		my_size -= n;",
	"		goto done;",
	"	}",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"	if (!dc_shared)",
	"	{	sudden_stop(\"pan: out of memory\");",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	/* another lock is always already in effect when this is called */",
	"	/* but not always the same lock -- i.e., on different parts of the hashtable */",
	"	enter_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);	/* this must be independently mutex */",
	"#if defined(SEP_HEAP) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(WIN64)",
	"	{	static int noted = 0;",
	"		if (!noted)",
	"		{	noted = 1;",
	"			printf(\"cpu%%d: global heap has %%ld bytes left, needed %%d\\n\",",
	"				core_id, dc_shared?dc_shared->dc_size:0, n);",
	"	}	}",
	"#endif",
	"#if 0",	/* for debugging */
	"		if (dc_shared->pattern != 1234567)",
	"		{	leave_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"			Uerror(\"overrun -- memory corruption\");",
	"		}",
	"#endif",
	"		if (dc_shared->dc_size < n)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{ printf(\"Next Pool %%g Mb + %%d\\n\", memcnt/(1048576.), n);",
	"			}",
	"			if (dc_shared->nxt == NULL",
	"			||  dc_shared->nxt->dc_arena == NULL",
	"			||  dc_shared->nxt->dc_size < n)",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: memcnt %%g Mb + wanted %%d bytes more\\n\",",
	"					core_id, memcnt / (1048576.), n);",
	"				leave_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"				sudden_stop(\"out of memory -- aborting\");",
	"				wrapup();	/* exits */",
	"			} else",
	"			{	dc_shared = (sh_Allocater *) dc_shared->nxt;",
	"		}	}",
	"",
	"		rval = (char *) dc_shared->dc_arena;",
	"		dc_shared->dc_arena += n;",
	"		dc_shared->dc_size  -= (long) n;",
	"#if 0",
	"		if (VVERBOSE)",
	"		printf(\"cpu%%d grab shared (%%d bytes) -- %%ld left\\n\",",
	"			core_id, n, dc_shared->dc_size);",
	"#endif",
	"	leave_critical(GLOBAL_LOCK);",
	"done:",
	"	memset(rval, 0, n);",
	"	memcnt += (double) n;",
	"",
	"	return (H_el *) rval;",
	"#else",
	"	return (H_el *) emalloc(n);",
	"#endif",
	"}",
	"",
	"SM_frame *",
	"Get_Full_Frame(int n)",
	"{	SM_frame *f;",
	"	double cnt_start = frame_wait;",
	"",
	"	f = &m_workq[n][prfull[n]];",
	"	while (f->m_vsize == 0)	/* await full slot LOCK : full frame */",
	"	{	iam_alive();",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"	#ifndef SAFETY",
	"		if (!a_cycles || core_id != 0)",
	"	#endif",
	"		if (*grcnt > 0)	/* accessed outside lock, but safe even if wrong */",
	"		{	enter_critical(GQ_RD);	/* gq - read access */",
	"			if (*grcnt > 0)		/* could have changed */",
	"			{	f = &m_workq[NCORE][*grfull];	/* global q */",
	"				if (f->m_vsize == 0)",
	"				{	/* writer is still filling the slot */",
	"					*gr_writemiss++;",
	"					f = &m_workq[n][prfull[n]]; /* reset */",
	"				} else",
	"				{	*grfull = (*grfull+1) %% (GN_FRAMES);",
	"						enter_critical(GQ_WR);",
	"						*grcnt = *grcnt - 1;",
	"						leave_critical(GQ_WR);",
	"					leave_critical(GQ_RD);",
	"					return f;",
	"			}	}",
	"			leave_critical(GQ_RD);",
	"		}",
	"#endif",
	"		if (frame_wait++ - cnt_start > Delay)",
	"		{	if (0)", /* too frequent to enable this one */
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"timeout on q%%d -- %%u -- query %%d\\n\",",
	"					n, f, query_in_progress);",
	"			}",
	"			return (SM_frame *) 0;	/* timeout */",
	"	}	}",
	"	iam_alive();",
	"	if (VVERBOSE) cpu_printf(\"got frame from q%%d\\n\", n);",
	"	prfull[n] = (prfull[n] + 1) %% (LN_FRAMES);",
	"	enter_critical(QLOCK(n));",
	"		prcnt[n]--; /* lock out increments */",
	"	leave_critical(QLOCK(n));",
	"	return f;",
	"}",
	"",
	"SM_frame *",
	"Get_Free_Frame(int n)",
	"{	SM_frame *f;",
	"	double cnt_start = free_wait;",
	"",
	"	if (VVERBOSE) { cpu_printf(\"get free frame from q%%d\\n\", n); }",
	"",
	"	if (n == NCORE)	/* global q */",
	"	{	f = &(m_workq[n][lrfree]);",
	"	} else",
	"	{	f = &(m_workq[n][prfree[n]]);",
	"	}",
	"	while (f->m_vsize != 0)	/* await free slot LOCK : free slot */",
	"	{	iam_alive();",
	"		if (free_wait++ - cnt_start > OneSecond)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"timeout waiting for free slot q%%d\\n\", n);",
	"			}",
	"			cnt_start = free_wait;",
	"			if (someone_crashed(1))",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: search terminated\\n\", core_id);",
	"				sudden_stop(\"get free frame\");",
	"				pan_exit(1);",
	"	}	}	}",
	"	if (n != NCORE)",
	"	{	prfree[n] = (prfree[n] + 1) %% (LN_FRAMES);",
	"		enter_critical(QLOCK(n));",
	"			prcnt[n]++; /* lock out decrements */",
	"			if (prmax[n] < prcnt[n])",
	"			{	prmax[n] = prcnt[n];",
	"			}",
	"		leave_critical(QLOCK(n));",
	"	}",
	"	return f;",
	"}",
	"",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"int",
	"GlobalQ_HasRoom(void)",
	"{	int rval = 0;",
	"",
	"	gq_tries++;",
	"	if (*grcnt < GN_FRAMES) /* there seems to be room */",
	"	{	enter_critical(GQ_WR);	/* gq write access */",
	"		if (*grcnt < GN_FRAMES)",
	"		{	if (m_workq[NCORE][*grfree].m_vsize != 0)",
	"			{	/* can happen if reader is slow emptying slot */",
	"				*gr_readmiss++;",
	"				goto out; /* dont wait: release lock and return */",
	"			}",
	"			lrfree = *grfree;	/* Get_Free_Frame use lrfree in this mode */",
	"			*grfree = (*grfree + 1) %% GN_FRAMES;",	/* next process looks at next slot */
	"			*grcnt = *grcnt + 1;	/* count nr of slots filled -- no additional lock needed */",
	"			if (*grmax < *grcnt) *grmax = *grcnt;",
	"			leave_critical(GQ_WR);	/* for short lock duration */",
	"			gq_hasroom++;",
	"			mem_put(NCORE);		/* copy state into reserved slot */",
	"			rval = 1;		/* successfull handoff */",
	"		} else",
	"		{	gq_hasnoroom++;",
	"out:			leave_critical(GQ_WR);",	/* should be rare */
	"	}	}",
	"	return rval;",
	"}",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"int",
	"unpack_state(SM_frame *f, int from_q)",
	"{	int i, j;",
	"	static H_el D_State;",
	"",
	"	if (f->m_vsize > 0)",
	"	{	boq   = f->m_boq;",
	"		if (boq > 256)",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"saw control %%d, expected state\\n\", boq);",
	"			return 0;",
	"		}",
	"		vsize = f->m_vsize;",
	"correct:",
	"		memcpy((uchar *) &now, (uchar *) f->m_now, vsize);",
	"	#if !defined(NOCOMP) && !defined(HC)",
	"		for (i = j = 0; i < VMAX; i++, j = (j+1)%%8)",
	"		{	Mask[i] = (f->m_mask[i/8] & (1<<j)) ? 1 : 0;",
	"		}",
	"	#endif",
	"		if (now._nr_pr > 0)",
	"		{	memcpy((uchar *) proc_offset, (uchar *) f->m_p_offset, now._nr_pr * sizeof(OFFT));",
	"			memcpy((uchar *) proc_skip,   (uchar *) f->m_p_skip,   now._nr_pr * sizeof(uchar));",
	"		}",
	"		if (now._nr_qs > 0)",
	"		{	memcpy((uchar *) q_offset,    (uchar *) f->m_q_offset, now._nr_qs * sizeof(OFFT));",
	"			memcpy((uchar *) q_skip,      (uchar *) f->m_q_skip,   now._nr_qs * sizeof(uchar));",
	"		}",
	"#ifndef NOVSZ",
	"		if (vsize != now._vsz)",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"vsize %%d != now._vsz %%d (type %%d) %%d\\n\",",
	"				vsize, now._vsz, f->m_boq, f->m_vsize);",
	"			vsize = now._vsz;",
	"			goto correct;	/* rare event: a race */",
	"		}",
	"#endif",
	"		hmax = max(hmax, vsize);",
	"",
	"		if (f != &cur_Root)",
	"		{	memcpy((uchar *) &cur_Root, (uchar *) f, sizeof(SM_frame));",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		if (((now._a_t) & 1) == 1)	/* i.e., when starting nested DFS */",
	"		{	A_depth = depthfound = 0;",
	"			memcpy((uchar *)&A_Root, (uchar *)&now, vsize);",
	"		}",
	"		nr_handoffs = f->nr_handoffs;",
	"	} else",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"pan: state empty\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	depth = 0;",
	"	trpt = &trail[1];",
	"	trpt->tau    = f->m_tau;",
	"	trpt->o_pm   = f->m_o_pm;",
	"",
	"	(trpt-1)->ostate = &D_State; /* stub */",
	"	trpt->ostate = &D_State;",
	"",
	"#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	if (upto > 0)",
	"	{	stack_last[core_id] = (Stack_Tree *) f->m_stack;",
	"	}",
	"	#if defined(VERBOSE)",
	"	if (stack_last[core_id])",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"%%d: UNPACK -- SET m_stack %%u (%%d,%%d)\\n\",",
	"			depth, stack_last[core_id], stack_last[core_id]->pr,",
	"			stack_last[core_id]->t_id);",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"	if (!trpt->o_t)",
	"	{	static Trans D_Trans;",
	"		trpt->o_t = &D_Trans;",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	#ifdef VERI",
	"	if ((trpt->tau & 4) != 4)",
	"	{	trpt->tau |= 4;	/* the claim moves first */",
	"		cpu_printf(\"warning: trpt was not up to date\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	for (i = 0; i < (int) now._nr_pr; i++)",
	"	{	P0 *ptr = (P0 *) pptr(i);",
	"	#ifndef NP",
	"		if (accpstate[ptr->_t][ptr->_p])",
	"		{	trpt->o_pm |= 2;",
	"		}",
	"	#else",
	"		if (progstate[ptr->_t][ptr->_p])",
	"		{	trpt->o_pm |= 4;",
	"		}",
	"	#endif",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	#ifdef EVENT_TRACE",
	"		#ifndef NP",
	"			if (accpstate[EVENT_TRACE][now._event])",
	"			{	trpt->o_pm |= 2;",
	"			}",
	"		#else",
	"			if (progstate[EVENT_TRACE][now._event])",
	"			{	trpt->o_pm |= 4;",
	"			}",
	"		#endif",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1)",
	"		/* restore state of tracked C objects */",
	"		c_revert((uchar *) &(now.c_state[0]));",
	"		#if (HAS_STACK==1)",
	"		c_unstack((uchar *) f->m_c_stack); /* unmatched tracked data */",
	"		#endif",
	"	#endif",
	"	return 1;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"write_root(void)	/* for trail file */",
	"{	int fd;",
	"",
	"	if (iterative == 0 && Nr_Trails > 1)",
	"		sprintf(fnm, \"%%s%%d.%%s\", TrailFile, Nr_Trails-1, sprefix);",
	"	else",
	"		sprintf(fnm, \"%%s.%%s\", TrailFile, sprefix);",
	"",
	"	if (cur_Root.m_vsize == 0)",
	"	{	(void) unlink(fnm); /* remove possible old copy */",
	"		return;	/* its the default initial state */",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if ((fd = creat(fnm, TMODE)) < 0)",
	"	{	char *q;",
	"		if ((q = strchr(TrailFile, \'.\')))",
	"		{	*q = \'\\0\';		/* strip .pml */",
	"			if (iterative == 0 && Nr_Trails-1 > 0)",
	"				sprintf(fnm, \"%%s%%d.%%s\", TrailFile, Nr_Trails-1, sprefix);",
	"			else",
	"				sprintf(fnm, \"%%s.%%s\", TrailFile, sprefix);",
	"			*q = \'.\';",
	"			fd = creat(fnm, TMODE);",
	"		}",
	"		if (fd < 0)",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"pan: cannot create %%s\\n\", fnm);",
	"			perror(\"cause\");",
	"			return;",
	"	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (write(fd, &cur_Root, sizeof(SM_frame)) != sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"pan: error writing %%s\\n\", fnm);",
	"	} else",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"pan: wrote %%s\\n\", fnm);",
	"	}",
	"	close(fd);",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"set_root(void)",
	"{	int fd;",
	"	char *q;",
	"	char MyFile[512];",	/* enough to hold a reasonable pathname */
	"	char MySuffix[16];",
	"	char *ssuffix = \"rst\";",
	"	int  try_core = 1;",
	"",
	"	strcpy(MyFile, TrailFile);",
	"try_again:",
	"	if (whichtrail > 0)",
	"	{	sprintf(fnm, \"%%s%%d.%%s\", MyFile, whichtrail, ssuffix);",
	"		fd = open(fnm, O_RDONLY, 0);",
	"		if (fd < 0 && (q = strchr(MyFile, \'.\')))",
	"		{	*q = \'\\0\';	/* strip .pml */",
	"			sprintf(fnm, \"%%s%%d.%%s\", MyFile, whichtrail, ssuffix);",
	"			*q = \'.\';",
	"			fd = open(fnm, O_RDONLY, 0);",
	"		}",
	"	} else",
	"	{	sprintf(fnm, \"%%s.%%s\", MyFile, ssuffix);",
	"		fd = open(fnm, O_RDONLY, 0);",
	"		if (fd < 0 && (q = strchr(MyFile, \'.\')))",
	"		{	*q = \'\\0\';	/* strip .pml */",
	"			sprintf(fnm, \"%%s.%%s\", MyFile, ssuffix);",
	"			*q = \'.\';",
	"			fd = open(fnm, O_RDONLY, 0);",
	"	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (fd < 0)",
	"	{	if (try_core < NCORE)",
	"		{	ssuffix = MySuffix;",
	"			sprintf(ssuffix, \"cpu%%d_rst\", try_core++);",
	"			goto try_again;",
	"		}",
	"		cpu_printf(\"no file '%%s.rst' or '%%s' (not an error)\\n\", MyFile, fnm);",
	"	} else",
	"	{	if (read(fd, &cur_Root, sizeof(SM_frame)) != sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"read error %%s\\n\", fnm);",
	"			close(fd);",
	"			pan_exit(1);",
	"		}",
	"		close(fd);",
	"		(void) unpack_state(&cur_Root, -2);",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"		cpu_printf(\"partial trail -- last few steps only\\n\");",
	"#endif",
	"		cpu_printf(\"restored root from '%%s'\\n\", fnm);",
	"		printf(\"=====State:=====\\n\");",
	"		{	int i, j; P0 *z;",
	"			for (i = 0; i < now._nr_pr; i++)",
	"			{	z = (P0 *)pptr(i);",
	"				printf(\"proc %%2d (%%s) \", i, procname[z->_t]);",

	"				for (j = 0; src_all[j].src; j++)",
	"				if (src_all[j].tp == (int) z->_t)",
	"				{	printf(\" %%s:%%d \",",
	"						PanSource, src_all[j].src[z->_p]);",
	"					break;",
	"				}",
	"				printf(\"(state %%d)\\n\", z->_p);",
	"				c_locals(i, z->_t);",
	"			}",
	"			c_globals();",
	"		}",
	"		printf(\"================\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"unsigned long dsk_written, dsk_drained;",
	"void mem_drain(void);",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"void",
	"m_clear_frame(SM_frame *f)", /* clear room for stats */
	"{	int i, clr_sz = sizeof(SM_results);",
	"",
	"	for (i = 0; i <= _NP_; i++)	/* all proctypes */",
	"	{	clr_sz += NrStates[i]*sizeof(uchar);",
	"	}",
	"	memset(f, 0, clr_sz);",
	"	/* caution if sizeof(SM_results) > sizeof(SM_frame) */",
	"}",
	"",
	"#define TargetQ_Full(n)	(m_workq[n][prfree[n]].m_vsize != 0)", /* no free slot */
	"#define TargetQ_NotFull(n)	(m_workq[n][prfree[n]].m_vsize == 0)", /* avoiding prcnt */
	"",
	"int",
	"AllQueuesEmpty(void)",
	"{	int q;",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"	if (*grcnt != 0)",
	"	{	return 0;",
	"	}",
	"#endif",
	"	for (q = 0; q < NCORE; q++)",
	"	{	if (prcnt[q] != 0)", /* not locked, ok if race */
	"		{	return 0;",
	"	}	}",
	"	return 1;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"Read_Queue(int q)",
	"{	SM_frame   *f, *of;",
	"	int	remember, target_q;",
	"	SM_results *r;",
	"	double patience = 0.0;",
	"",
	"	target_q = (q + 1) %% NCORE;",
	"",
	"	for (;;)",
	"	{	f = Get_Full_Frame(q);",
	"		if (!f)	/* 1 second timeout -- and trigger for Query */",
	"		{	if (someone_crashed(2))",
	"			{	printf(\"cpu%%d: search terminated [code %%d]\\n\",",
	"					core_id, search_terminated?*search_terminated:-1);",
	"				sudden_stop(\"\");",
	"				pan_exit(1);",
	"			}",
	"#ifdef TESTING",
	"	/* to profile with cc -pg and gprof pan.exe -- set handoff depth beyond maxdepth */",
	"			exit(0);",
	"#endif",
	"			remember = *grfree;",
	"			if (core_id == 0		/* root can initiate termination */",
	"			&& remote_party == 0		/* and only the original root */",
	"			&& query_in_progress == 0	/* unless its already in progress */",
	"			&& AllQueuesEmpty())",
	"			{	f = Get_Free_Frame(target_q);",
	"				query_in_progress = 1;	/* only root process can do this */",
	"				if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal1: no free slot\"); }",
	"				f->m_boq = QUERY;	/* initiate Query */",
	"				if (verbose)",
	"				{  cpu_printf(\"snd QUERY to q%%d (%%d) into slot %%d\\n\",",
	"					target_q, nstates_get + 1, prfree[target_q]-1);",
	"				}",
	"				f->m_vsize = remember + 1;",
	"				/* number will not change unless we receive more states */",
	"			} else if (patience++ > OneHour) /* one hour watchdog timer */",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"timeout -- giving up\\n\");",
	"				sudden_stop(\"queue timeout\");",
	"				pan_exit(1);",
	"			}",
	"			if (0) cpu_printf(\"timed out -- try again\\n\");",
	"			continue;	",
	"		}",
	"		patience = 0.0; /* reset watchdog */",
	"",
	"		if (f->m_boq == QUERY)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"got QUERY on q%%d (%%d <> %%d) from slot %%d\\n\",",
	"					q, f->m_vsize, nstates_put + 1, prfull[q]-1);",
	"				snapshot();",
	"			}",
	"			remember = f->m_vsize;",
	"			f->m_vsize = 0;	/* release slot */",
	"",
	"			if (core_id == 0 && remote_party == 0)	/* original root cpu0 */",
	"			{	if (query_in_progress == 1	/* didn't send more states in the interim */",
	"				&&  *grfree + 1 == remember)	/* no action on global queue meanwhile */",
	"				{	if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"Termination detected\\n\");",
	"					if (TargetQ_Full(target_q))",
	"					{	if (verbose)",
	"						cpu_printf(\"warning: target q is full\\n\");",
	"					}",
	"					f = Get_Free_Frame(target_q);",
	"					if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal2: no free slot\"); }",
	"					m_clear_frame(f);",
	"					f->m_boq = QUIT; /* send final Quit, collect stats */",
	"					f->m_vsize = 111; /* anything non-zero will do */",
	"					if (verbose)",
	"					cpu_printf(\"put QUIT on q%%d\\n\", target_q);",
	"				} else",
	"				{	if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"Stale Query\\n\");",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"					mem_drain();",
	"#endif",
	"				}",
	"				query_in_progress = 0;",
	"			} else",
	"			{	if (TargetQ_Full(target_q))",
	"				{	if (verbose)",
	"					cpu_printf(\"warning: forward query - target q full\\n\");",
	"				}",
	"				f = Get_Free_Frame(target_q);",
	"				if (verbose)",
	"				cpu_printf(\"snd QUERY response to q%%d (%%d <> %%d) in slot %%d\\n\",",
	"					target_q, remember, *grfree + 1, prfree[target_q]-1);",
	"				if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal4: no free slot\"); }",
	"",
	"				if (*grfree + 1 == remember)	/* no action on global queue */",
	"				{	f->m_boq = QUERY;	/* forward query, to root */",
	"					f->m_vsize = remember;",
	"				} else",
	"				{	f->m_boq = QUERY_F;	/* no match -- busy */",
	"					f->m_vsize = 112;	/* anything non-zero */",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"					if (dsk_written != dsk_drained)",
	"					{	mem_drain();",
	"					}",
	"#endif",
	"			}	}",
	"			continue;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		if (f->m_boq == QUERY_F)",
	"		{	if (verbose)",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"got QUERY_F on q%%d from slot %%d\\n\", q, prfull[q]-1);",
	"			}",
	"			f->m_vsize = 0;	/* release slot */",
	"",
	"			if (core_id == 0 && remote_party == 0)		/* original root cpu0 */",
	"			{	if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"No Match on Query\\n\");",
	"				query_in_progress = 0;",
	"			} else",
	"			{	if (TargetQ_Full(target_q))",
	"				{	if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"warning: forwarding query_f, target queue full\\n\");",
	"				}",
	"				f = Get_Free_Frame(target_q);",
	"				if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"forward QUERY_F to q%%d into slot %%d\\n\",",
	"						target_q, prfree[target_q]-1);",
	"				if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal5: no free slot\"); }",
	"				f->m_boq = QUERY_F;		/* cannot terminate yet */",
	"				f->m_vsize = 113;		/* anything non-zero */",
	"			}",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"			if (dsk_written != dsk_drained)",
	"			{	mem_drain();",
	"			}",
	"#endif",
	"			continue;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		if (f->m_boq == QUIT)",
	"		{	if (0) cpu_printf(\"done -- local memcnt %%g Mb\\n\", memcnt/(1048576.));",
	"			retrieve_info((SM_results *) f); /* collect and combine stats */",
	"			if (verbose)",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"received Quit\\n\");",
	"				snapshot();",
	"			}",
	"			f->m_vsize = 0;	/* release incoming slot */",
	"			if (core_id != 0)",
	"			{	f = Get_Free_Frame(target_q); /* new outgoing slot */",
	"				if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal6: no free slot\"); }",
	"				m_clear_frame(f);	/* start with zeroed stats */",
	"				record_info((SM_results *) f);",
	"				f->m_boq = QUIT;	/* forward combined results */",
	"				f->m_vsize = 114;	/* anything non-zero */",
	"				if (verbose>1)",
	"				cpu_printf(\"fwd Results to q%%d\\n\", target_q);",
	"			}",
	"			break;			/* successful termination */",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		/* else: 0<= boq <= 255, means STATE transfer */",
	"		if (unpack_state(f, q) != 0)",
	"		{	nstates_get++;",
	"			f->m_vsize = 0;	/* release slot */",
	"			if (VVERBOSE) cpu_printf(\"Got state\\n\");",
	"",
	"			if (search_terminated != NULL",
	"			&&  *search_terminated == 0)",
	"			{	new_state();	/* explore successors */",
	"				memset((uchar *) &cur_Root, 0, sizeof(SM_frame));	/* avoid confusion */",
	"			} else",
	"			{	pan_exit(0);",
	"			}",
	"		} else",
	"		{	pan_exit(0);",
	"	}	}",
	"	if (verbose) cpu_printf(\"done got %%d put %%d\\n\", nstates_get, nstates_put);",
	"	sleep_report();",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"give_up(int unused_x)",
	"{",
	"	if (search_terminated != NULL)",
	"	{	*search_terminated |= 32;	/* give_up */",
	"	}",
	"	if (!writing_trail)",
	"	{	was_interrupted = 1;",
	"		snapshot();",
	"		cpu_printf(\"Give Up\\n\");",
	"		sleep_report();",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	} else /* we are already terminating */",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"SIGINT\\n\");",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"check_overkill(void)",
	"{",
	"	vmax_seen = (vmax_seen + 7)/ 8;",
	"	vmax_seen *= 8;	/* round up to a multiple of 8 */",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0",
	"	&&  !remote_party",
	"	&&  nstates_put > 0",
	"	&&  VMAX - vmax_seen > 8)",
	"	{",
	"#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: max VMAX value seen in this run: \");",
	"#else",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: recommend recompiling with \");",
	"#endif",
	"		printf(\"-DVMAX=%%d\\n\", vmax_seen);",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_put(int q)	/* handoff state to other cpu, workq q */",
	"{	SM_frame *f;",
	"	int i, j;",
	"",
	"	if (vsize > VMAX)",
	"	{	vsize = (vsize + 7)/8; vsize *= 8; /* round up */",
	"		printf(\"pan: recompile with -DVMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", (int) vsize);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_pr > PMAX)",
	"	{	printf(\"pan: recompile with -DPMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", now._nr_pr);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_qs > QMAX)",
	"	{	printf(\"pan: recompile with -DQMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", now._nr_qs);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"	if (vsize > vmax_seen) vmax_seen = vsize;",
	"	if (now._nr_pr > pmax_seen) pmax_seen = now._nr_pr;",
	"	if (now._nr_qs > qmax_seen) qmax_seen = now._nr_qs;",
	"",
	"	f = Get_Free_Frame(q);	/* not called in likely deadlock states */",
	"	if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal3: no free slot\"); }",
	"",
	"	if (VVERBOSE) cpu_printf(\"putting state into q%%d\\n\", q);",
	"",
	"	memcpy((uchar *) f->m_now,  (uchar *) &now, vsize);",
	"#if !defined(NOCOMP) && !defined(HC)",
	"	memset((uchar *) f->m_mask, 0, (VMAX+7)/8 * sizeof(char));",
	"	for (i = j = 0; i < VMAX; i++, j = (j+1)%%8)",
	"	{	if (Mask[i])",
	"		{	f->m_mask[i/8] |= (1<<j);",
	"	}	}",
	"#endif",
	"	if (now._nr_pr > 0)",
	"	{ memcpy((uchar *) f->m_p_offset, (uchar *) proc_offset, now._nr_pr * sizeof(OFFT));",
	"	  memcpy((uchar *) f->m_p_skip,   (uchar *) proc_skip,   now._nr_pr * sizeof(uchar));",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_qs > 0)",
	"	{ memcpy((uchar *) f->m_q_offset, (uchar *) q_offset, now._nr_qs * sizeof(OFFT));",
	"	  memcpy((uchar *) f->m_q_skip,   (uchar *) q_skip,   now._nr_qs * sizeof(uchar));",
	"	}",
	"#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1) && (HAS_STACK==1)",
	"	c_stack((uchar *) f->m_c_stack); /* save unmatched tracked data */",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	f->m_stack = stack_last[core_id];",
	"#endif",
	"	f->nr_handoffs = nr_handoffs+1;",
	"	f->m_tau    = trpt->tau;",
	"	f->m_o_pm   = trpt->o_pm;",
	"	f->m_boq    = boq;",
	"	f->m_vsize  = vsize;	/* must come last - now the other cpu can see it */",
	"",
	"	if (query_in_progress == 1)",
	"		query_in_progress = 2;	/* make sure we know, if a query makes the rounds */",
	"	nstates_put++;",
	"}",
	"",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"int Dsk_W_Nr, Dsk_R_Nr;",
	"int dsk_file = -1, dsk_read = -1;",
	"unsigned long dsk_written, dsk_drained;",
	"char dsk_name[512];",
	"",
	"#ifndef BFS_DISK",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)",
	"	#define RFLAGS	(O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)",
	"	#define WFLAGS	(O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY)",
	"#else",
	"	#define RFLAGS	(O_RDONLY)",
	"	#define WFLAGS	(O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC)",
	"#endif",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"void",
	"dsk_stats(void)",
	"{	int i;",
	"",
	"	if (dsk_written > 0)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"dsk_written %%d states in %%d files\\ncpu%%d: dsk_drained %%6d states\\n\",",
	"			dsk_written, Dsk_W_Nr, core_id, dsk_drained);",
	"		close(dsk_read);",
	"		close(dsk_file);",
	"		for (i = 0; i < Dsk_W_Nr; i++)",
	"		{	sprintf(dsk_name, \"Q%%.3d_%%.3d.tmp\", i, core_id);",
	"			unlink(dsk_name);",
	"	}	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_drain(void)",
	"{	SM_frame *f, g;",
	"	int q = (core_id + 1) %% NCORE;	/* target q */",
	"	int sz;",
	"",
	"	if (dsk_read < 0",
	"	||  dsk_written <= dsk_drained)",
	"	{	return;",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	while (dsk_written > dsk_drained",
	"	&& TargetQ_NotFull(q))",
	"	{	f = Get_Free_Frame(q);",
	"		if (!f) { Uerror(\"Fatal: unhandled condition\"); }",
	"",
	"		if ((dsk_drained+1)%%MAX_DSK_FILE == 0)	/* 100K states max per file */",
	"		{	(void) close(dsk_read); 	/* close current read handle */",
	"			sprintf(dsk_name, \"Q%%.3d_%%.3d.tmp\", Dsk_R_Nr++, core_id);",
	"			(void) unlink(dsk_name);	/* remove current file */",
	"			sprintf(dsk_name, \"Q%%.3d_%%.3d.tmp\", Dsk_R_Nr, core_id);",
	"			cpu_printf(\"reading %%s\\n\", dsk_name);",
	"			dsk_read = open(dsk_name, RFLAGS); /* open next file */",
	"			if (dsk_read < 0)",
	"			{	Uerror(\"could not open dsk file\");",
	"		}	}",
	"		if (read(dsk_read, &g, sizeof(SM_frame)) != sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"		{	Uerror(\"bad dsk file read\");",
	"		}",
	"		sz = g.m_vsize;",
	"		g.m_vsize = 0;",
	"		memcpy(f, &g, sizeof(SM_frame));",
	"		f->m_vsize = sz;	/* last */",
	"",
	"		dsk_drained++;",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_file(void)",
	"{	SM_frame f;",
	"	int i, j, q = (core_id + 1) %% NCORE;	/* target q */",
	"",
	"	if (vsize > VMAX)",
	"	{	printf(\"pan: recompile with -DVMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", vsize);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_pr > PMAX)",
	"	{	printf(\"pan: recompile with -DPMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", now._nr_pr);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_qs > QMAX)",
	"	{	printf(\"pan: recompile with -DQMAX=N with N >= %%d\\n\", now._nr_qs);",
	"		Uerror(\"aborting\");",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (VVERBOSE) cpu_printf(\"filing state for q%%d\\n\", q);",
	"",
	"	memcpy((uchar *) f.m_now,  (uchar *) &now, vsize);",
	"#if !defined(NOCOMP) && !defined(HC)",
	"	memset((uchar *) f.m_mask, 0, (VMAX+7)/8 * sizeof(char));",
	"	for (i = j = 0; i < VMAX; i++, j = (j+1)%%8)",
	"	{	if (Mask[i])",
	"		{	f.m_mask[i/8] |= (1<<j);",
	"	}	}",
	"#endif",
	"	if (now._nr_pr > 0)",
	"	{	memcpy((uchar *)f.m_p_offset, (uchar *)proc_offset, now._nr_pr*sizeof(OFFT));",
	"		memcpy((uchar *)f.m_p_skip,   (uchar *)proc_skip,   now._nr_pr*sizeof(uchar));",
	"	}",
	"	if (now._nr_qs > 0)",
	"	{	memcpy((uchar *) f.m_q_offset, (uchar *) q_offset, now._nr_qs*sizeof(OFFT));",
	"		memcpy((uchar *) f.m_q_skip,   (uchar *) q_skip,   now._nr_qs*sizeof(uchar));",
	"	}",
	"#if defined(C_States) && (HAS_TRACK==1) && (HAS_STACK==1)",
	"	c_stack((uchar *) f.m_c_stack); /* save unmatched tracked data */",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	f.m_stack  = stack_last[core_id];",
	"#endif",
	"	f.nr_handoffs = nr_handoffs+1;",
	"	f.m_tau    = trpt->tau;",
	"	f.m_o_pm   = trpt->o_pm;",
	"	f.m_boq    = boq;",
	"	f.m_vsize  = vsize;",
	"",
	"	if (query_in_progress == 1)",
	"	{	query_in_progress = 2;",
	"	}",
	"	if (dsk_file < 0)",
	"	{	sprintf(dsk_name, \"Q%%.3d_%%.3d.tmp\", Dsk_W_Nr, core_id);",
	"		dsk_file = open(dsk_name, WFLAGS, 0644);",
	"		dsk_read = open(dsk_name, RFLAGS);",
	"		if (dsk_file < 0 || dsk_read < 0)",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"File: <%%s>\\n\", dsk_name);",
	"			Uerror(\"cannot open diskfile\");",
	"		}",
	"		Dsk_W_Nr++; /* nr of next file to open */",
	"		cpu_printf(\"created temporary diskfile %%s\\n\", dsk_name);",
	"	} else if ((dsk_written+1)%%MAX_DSK_FILE == 0)",
	"	{	close(dsk_file); /* close write handle */",
	"		sprintf(dsk_name, \"Q%%.3d_%%.3d.tmp\", Dsk_W_Nr++, core_id);",
	"		dsk_file = open(dsk_name, WFLAGS, 0644);",
	"		if (dsk_file < 0)",
	"		{	cpu_printf(\"File: <%%s>\\n\", dsk_name);",
	"			Uerror(\"aborting: cannot open new diskfile\");",
	"		}",
	"		cpu_printf(\"created temporary diskfile %%s\\n\", dsk_name);",
	"	}",
	"	if (write(dsk_file, &f, sizeof(SM_frame)) != sizeof(SM_frame))",
	"	{	Uerror(\"aborting -- disk write failed (disk full?)\");",
	"	}",
	"	nstates_put++;",
	"	dsk_written++;",
	"}",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"int",
	"mem_hand_off(void)",
	"{",
	"	if (search_terminated == NULL",
	"	||  *search_terminated != 0)	/* not a full crash check */",
	"	{	pan_exit(0);",
	"	}",
	"	iam_alive();		/* on every transition of Down */",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"	mem_drain();		/* maybe call this also on every Up */",
	"#endif",
	"	if (depth > z_handoff	/* above handoff limit */",
	"#ifndef SAFETY",
	"	&&  !a_cycles		/* not in liveness mode */",
	"#endif",
	"#if SYNC",
	"	&&  boq == -1		/* not mid-rv */",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef VERI",
	"	&&  (trpt->tau&4)	 /* claim moves first  */",
	"	&&  !((trpt-1)->tau&128) /* not a stutter move */",
	"#endif",
	"	&&  !(trpt->tau&8))	/* not an atomic move */",
	"	{	int q = (core_id + 1) %% NCORE;	/* circular handoff */",
	"	#ifdef GENEROUS",
	"		if (prcnt[q] < LN_FRAMES)", /* not the best strategy */
	"	#else",
	"		if (TargetQ_NotFull(q)",
	"		&& (dfs_phase2 == 0 || prcnt[core_id] > 0))", /* not locked, ok if race */
	"	#endif",
	"		{	mem_put(q);",	/* only 1 writer: lock-free */
	"			return 1;",
	"		}",
	"		{	int rval;",
	"	#ifndef NGQ",
	"			rval = GlobalQ_HasRoom();",
	"	#else",
	"			rval = 0;",
	"	#endif",
	"	#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"			if (rval == 0)",
	"			{	void mem_file(void);",
	"				mem_file();",
	"				rval = 1;",
	"			}",
	"	#endif",
	"			return rval;",
	"		}",
	"	}",
	"	return 0; /* i.e., no handoff */",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_put_acc(void)	/* liveness mode */",
	"{	int q = (core_id + 1) %% NCORE;",
	"",
	"	if (search_terminated == NULL",
	"	||  *search_terminated != 0)",
	"	{	pan_exit(0);",
	"	}",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"	mem_drain();",
	"#endif",
	"	/* some tortured use of preprocessing: */",
	"#if !defined(NGQ) || defined(USE_DISK)",
	"	if (TargetQ_Full(q))",
	"	{",
	"#endif",
	"#ifndef NGQ",
	"		if (GlobalQ_HasRoom())",
	"		{	return;",
	"		}",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef USE_DISK",
	"		mem_file();",
	"	} else",
	"#else",
	"	#if !defined(NGQ) || defined(USE_DISK)",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"	{	mem_put(q);",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)", /* visual studio */
	"void",
	"init_shm(void)		/* initialize shared work-queues */",
	"{	char	key[512];",
	"	int	n, m;",
	"	int	must_exit = 0;",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 3: allocate shared work-queues %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE) / (1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	for (m = 0; m < NR_QS; m++)	/* last q is global 1 */",
	"	{	double qsize = (m == NCORE) ? GWQ_SIZE : LWQ_SIZE;",
	"		sprintf(key, \"Global\\\\pan_%%s_%%.3d\", PanSource, m);",
	"		if (core_id == 0)",	/* root process creates shared memory segments */
	"		{	shmid[m] = CreateFileMapping(",
	"				INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,	/* use paging file */",
	"				NULL,			/* default security */",
	"				PAGE_READWRITE,		/* access permissions */",
	"				0,			/* high-order 4 bytes */",
	"				qsize,			/* low-order bytes, size in bytes */",
	"				key);			/* name */",
	"		} else			/* worker nodes just open these segments */",
	"		{	shmid[m] = OpenFileMapping(",
	"				FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS,	/* read/write access */",
	"				FALSE,			/* children do not inherit handle */",
	"				key);",
	"		}",
	"		if (shmid[m] == NULL)",
	"		{	fprintf(stderr, \"cpu%%d: could not create or open shared queues\\n\",",
	"				core_id);",
	"			must_exit = 1;",
	"			break;",
	"		}",
	"		/* attach: */",
	"		shared_mem[m] = (char *) MapViewOfFile(shmid[m], FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);",
	"		if (shared_mem[m] == NULL)",
	"		{ fprintf(stderr, \"cpu%%d: cannot attach shared q%%d (%%d Mb)\\n\",",
	"			core_id, m+1, (int) (qsize/(1048576.)));",
	"		  must_exit = 1;",
	"		  break;",
	"		}",
	"",
	"		memcnt += qsize;",
	"",
	"		m_workq[m] = (SM_frame *) shared_mem[m];",
	"		if (core_id == 0)",
	"		{	int nframes = (m == NCORE) ? GN_FRAMES : LN_FRAMES;",
	"			for (n = 0; n < nframes; n++)",
	"			{	m_workq[m][n].m_vsize = 0;",
	"				m_workq[m][n].m_boq = 0;",
	"	}	}	}",
	"",
	"	if (must_exit)",
	"	{	fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);	/* calls cleanup_shm */",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"static uchar *",
	"prep_shmid_S(size_t n)		/* either sets SS or H_tab, WIN32/WIN64 */",
	"{	char	*rval;",
	"#ifndef SEP_STATE",
	"	char	key[512];",
	"",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: step 1: allocate shared bitstate %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			(double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	#else",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: step 1: allocate shared hastable %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			(double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	#endif",
	"	}",
	"	#ifdef MEMLIM",
	"	if (memcnt + (double) n > memlim)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: S %%8g + %%d Kb exceeds memory limit of %%8g Mb\\n\",",
	"			core_id, memcnt/1024., n/1024, memlim/(1048576.));",
	"		printf(\"cpu%%d: insufficient memory -- aborting\\n\", core_id);",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	/* make key different from queues: */",
	"	sprintf(key, \"Global\\\\pan_%%s_%%.3d\", PanSource, NCORE+2); /* different from qs */",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)	/* root */",
	"	{	shmid_S = CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL,",
	"#ifdef WIN64",
	"			PAGE_READWRITE, (n>>32), (n & 0xffffffff), key);",
	"#else",
	"			PAGE_READWRITE, 0, n, key);",
	"#endif",
	"		memcnt += (double) n;",
	"	} else			/* worker */",
	"	{	shmid_S = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, key);",
	"	}",

	"	if (shmid_S == NULL)",
	"	{",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"cpu%%d: cannot %%s shared bitstate\",",
	"			core_id, core_id?\"open\":\"create\");",
	"	#else",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"cpu%%d: cannot %%s shared hashtable\",",
	"			core_id, core_id?\"open\":\"create\");",
	"	#endif",
	"		fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	rval = (char *) MapViewOfFile(shmid_S, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);	/* attach */",
	"	if ((char *) rval == NULL)",
	"	{ fprintf(stderr, \"cpu%%d: cannot attach shared bitstate or hashtable\\n\", core_id);",
	"	  fprintf(stderr, \"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"	  pan_exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"#else",
	"	rval = (char *) emalloc(n);",
	"#endif",
	"	return (uchar *) rval;",
	"}",
	"",
	"static uchar *",
	"prep_state_mem(size_t n)		/* WIN32/WIN64 sets memory arena for states */",
	"{	char	*rval;",
	"	char	key[512];",
	"	static int cnt = 3;		/* start larger than earlier ftok calls */",
	"",
	"	if (verbose && core_id == 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 2+: pre-allocate memory arena %%d of %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			cnt-3, (double) n / (1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	#ifdef MEMLIM",
	"	if (memcnt + (double) n > memlim)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: error: M %%.0f + %%.0f exceeds memory limit of %%.0f Kb\\n\",",
	"			core_id, memcnt/1024.0, (double) n/1024.0, memlim/1024.0);",
	"		return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	sprintf(key, \"Global\\\\pan_%%s_%%.3d\", PanSource, NCORE+cnt); cnt++;",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)",
	"	{	shmid_M = CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL,",
	"#ifdef WIN64",
	"			PAGE_READWRITE, (n>>32), (n & 0xffffffff), key);",
	"#else",
	"			PAGE_READWRITE, 0, n, key);",
	"#endif",
	"	} else",
	"	{	shmid_M = OpenFileMapping(FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, key);",
	"	}",
	"	if (shmid_M == NULL)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: failed to get pool of shared memory nr %%d of size %%d\\n\",",
	"			core_id, cnt-3, n);",
	"		printf(\"pan: check './pan --' for usage details\\n\");",
	"		return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	rval = (char *) MapViewOfFile(shmid_M, FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, 0);	/* attach */",
	"",
	"	if (rval == NULL)",
	"	{ printf(\"cpu%%d: failed to attach pool of shared memory nr %%d of size %%d\\n\",",
	"		core_id, cnt-3, n);",
	"	  return NULL;",
	"	}",
	"	return (uchar *) rval;",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"init_HT(unsigned long n)	/* WIN32/WIN64 version */",
	"{	volatile char	*x;",
	"	double  get_mem;",
	"#ifndef SEP_STATE",
	"	char	*dc_mem_start;",
	"#endif",
	"	if (verbose) printf(\"cpu%%d: initialization for Windows\\n\", core_id);",
	"",
"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	" #ifndef MEMLIM",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: steps 0,1: no -DMEMLIM set\\n\");",
	"	}",
	" #else",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	printf(\"cpu0: steps 0,1: -DMEMLIM=%%d Mb - (hashtable %%g Mb + workqueues %%g Mb)\\n\",",
	"		MEMLIM, ((double)n/(1048576.)), ((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE)/(1048576.));",
	"#endif",
	"	get_mem = NCORE * sizeof(double) + (1 + CS_NR) * sizeof(void *)+ 4*sizeof(void *) + 2*sizeof(double);",
	"	/* NCORE * is_alive + search_terminated + CS_NR * sh_lock + 6 gr vars */",
	"	get_mem += 4 * NCORE * sizeof(void *);", /* prfree, prfull, prcnt, prmax */
	" #ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	get_mem += (NCORE) * sizeof(Stack_Tree *);",
	"	/* NCORE * stack_last */",
	" #endif",
	"	x = (volatile char *) prep_state_mem((size_t) get_mem);",
	"	shmid_X = (void *) x;",
	"	if (x == NULL)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: could not allocate shared memory, see ./pan --\\n\");",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"	search_terminated = (volatile unsigned int *) x; /* comes first */",
	"	x += sizeof(void *); /* maintain alignment */",
	"",
	"	is_alive   = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"	sh_lock   = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += CS_NR * sizeof(void *); /* allow 1 word per entry */",
	"",
	"	grfree    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grfull    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grcnt    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grmax    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfree = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfull = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prcnt = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prmax = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	gr_readmiss    = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"	gr_writemiss    = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"	#ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"		stack_last = (volatile Stack_Tree **) x;",
	"		x += NCORE * sizeof(Stack_Tree *);",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	#ifndef BITSTATE",
	"		H_tab = (H_el **) emalloc(n);",
	"	#endif",
"#else",
	"	#ifndef MEMLIM",
	"		#warning MEMLIM not set",	/* cannot happen */
	"		#define MEMLIM	(2048)",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"		printf(\"cpu0: step 0: -DMEMLIM=%%d Mb - (hashtable %%g Mb + workqueues %%g Mb) = %%g Mb for state storage\\n\",",
	"		MEMLIM, ((double)n/(1048576.)), ((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE)/(1048576.),",
	"		(memlim - memcnt - (double) n - ((double) NCORE * LWQ_SIZE + GWQ_SIZE))/(1048576.));",
	"	#ifndef BITSTATE",
	"		H_tab = (H_el **) prep_shmid_S((size_t) n);	/* hash_table */",
	"	#endif",
	"	get_mem = memlim - memcnt - ((double) NCORE) * LWQ_SIZE - GWQ_SIZE;",
	"	if (get_mem <= 0)",
	"	{	Uerror(\"internal error -- shared state memory\");",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 2: shared state memory %%g Mb\\n\",",
	"			get_mem/(1048576.));",
	"	}",
	"	x = dc_mem_start = (char *) prep_state_mem((size_t) get_mem);	/* for states */",
	"	if (x == NULL)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: insufficient memory -- aborting\\n\", core_id);",
	"		exit(1);",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	search_terminated = (volatile unsigned int *) x; /* comes first */",
	"	x += sizeof(void *); /* maintain alignment */",
	"",
	"	is_alive   = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(double);",
	"",
	"	sh_lock   = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += CS_NR * sizeof(int);",
	"",
	"	grfree    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grfull    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grcnt    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	grmax    = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfree = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prfull = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prcnt = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	prmax = (volatile int *) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(void *);",
	"	gr_readmiss = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"	gr_writemiss = (volatile double *) x;",
	"	x += sizeof(double);",
	"",
	" #ifdef FULL_TRAIL",
	"	stack_last = (volatile Stack_Tree **) x;",
	"	x += NCORE * sizeof(Stack_Tree *);",
	" #endif",
	"	if (((long)x)&(sizeof(void *)-1))	/* word alignment */",
	"	{	x += sizeof(void *)-(((long)x)&(sizeof(void *)-1)); /* 64-bit align */",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	#ifdef COLLAPSE",
	"	ncomps = (unsigned long *) x;",
	"	x += (256+2) * sizeof(unsigned long);",
	"	#endif",
	"",
	"	dc_shared = (sh_Allocater *) x; /* in shared memory */",
	"	x += sizeof(sh_Allocater);",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0)	/* root only */",
	"	{	dc_shared->dc_id     = shmid_M;",
	"		dc_shared->dc_start  = (void *) dc_mem_start;",
	"		dc_shared->dc_arena  = x;",
	"		dc_shared->pattern   = 1234567;",
	"		dc_shared->dc_size   = (long) get_mem - (long) (x - dc_mem_start);",
	"		dc_shared->nxt       = NULL;",
	"	}",
"#endif",
	"}",
	"",
	"#if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)",
	"extern BOOLEAN InterlockedBitTestAndSet(LONG volatile* Base, LONG Bit);",
	"int",
	"tas(volatile LONG *s)", /* atomic test and set */
	"{	return InterlockedBitTestAndSet(s, 1);",
	"}",
	"#else",
	"	#error missing definition of test and set operation for this platform",
	"#endif",
	"",
	"void",
	"cleanup_shm(int val)",
	"{	int m;",
	"	static int nibis = 0;",
	"",
	"	if (nibis != 0)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: Redundant call to cleanup_shm(%%d)\\n\", core_id, val);",
	"		return;",
	"	} else",
	"	{	nibis = 1;",
	"	}",
	"	if (search_terminated != NULL)",
	"	{	*search_terminated |= 16; /* cleanup_shm */",
	"	}",
	"",
	"	for (m = 0; m < NR_QS; m++)",
	"	{	if (shmid[m] != NULL)",
	"		{	UnmapViewOfFile((char *) shared_mem[m]);",
	"			CloseHandle(shmid[m]);",
	"	}	}",
	"#ifdef SEP_STATE",
	"	UnmapViewOfFile((void *) shmid_X);",
	"	CloseHandle((void *) shmid_M);",
	"#else",
	"	#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"		if (shmid_S != NULL)",
	"		{	UnmapViewOfFile(SS);",
	"			CloseHandle(shmid_S);",
	"		}",
	"	#else",
	"		if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"		{	printf(\"cpu0: done, %%ld Mb of shared state memory left\\n\",",
	"				dc_shared->dc_size / (long)(1048576));",
	"		}",
	"		if (shmid_S != NULL)",
	"		{	UnmapViewOfFile(H_tab);",
	"			CloseHandle(shmid_S);",
	"		}",
	"		shmid_M = (void *) (dc_shared->dc_id);",
	"		UnmapViewOfFile((char *) dc_shared->dc_start);",
	"		CloseHandle(shmid_M);",
	"	#endif",
	"#endif",
	"	/* detached from shared memory - so cannot use cpu_printf */",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu%%d: done -- got %%d states from queue\\n\",",
	"			core_id, nstates_get);",
	"	}",
	"}",
	"",
	"void",
	"mem_get(void)",
	"{	SM_frame   *f;",
	"	int is_parent;",
	"",
	"#if defined(MA) && !defined(SEP_STATE)",
	"	#error MA requires SEP_STATE in multi-core mode",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef BFS",
	"	#error instead of -DNCORE -DBFS use -DBFS_PAR",
	"#endif",
	"#ifdef SC",
	"	#error SC is not supported in multi-core mode",
	"#endif",
	"	init_shm();	/* we are single threaded when this starts */",
	"	signal(SIGINT, give_up);	/* windows control-c interrupt */",
	"",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && verbose)",
	"	{	printf(\"cpu0: step 4: creating additional workers (proxy %%d)\\n\",",
	"			proxy_pid);",
	"	}",
	"#if 0",
	"	if NCORE > 1 the child or the parent should fork N-1 more times",
	"	the parent is the only process with core_id == 0 and is_parent > 0",
	"	the others (workers) have is_parent = 0 and core_id = 1..NCORE-1",
	"#endif",
	"	if (core_id == 0)			/* root starts up the workers */",
	"	{	worker_pids[0] = (DWORD) getpid();	/* for completeness */",
	"		while (++core_id < NCORE)	/* first worker sees core_id = 1 */",
	"		{	char cmdline[64];",
	"			STARTUPINFO si = { sizeof(si) };",
	"			PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;",
	"",
	"			if (proxy_pid == core_id)	/* always non-zero */",
	"			{	sprintf(cmdline, \"pan_proxy.exe -r %%s-Q%%d -Z%%d\",",
	"					o_cmdline, getpid(), core_id);",
	"			} else",
	"			{	sprintf(cmdline, \"pan.exe %%s-Q%%d -Z%%d\",",
	"					o_cmdline, getpid(), core_id);",
	"			}",
	"			if (verbose) printf(\"cpu%%d: spawn %%s\\n\", core_id, cmdline);",
	"",
	"			is_parent = CreateProcess(0, cmdline, 0, 0, FALSE, 0, 0, 0, &si, &pi);",
	"			if (is_parent == 0)",
	"			{	Uerror(\"fork failed\");",
	"			}",
	"			worker_pids[core_id] = pi.dwProcessId;",
	"			worker_handles[core_id] = pi.hProcess;",
	"			if (verbose)",
	"			{	cpu_printf(\"created core %%d, pid %%d\\n\",",
	"					core_id, pi.dwProcessId);",
	"			}",
	"			if (proxy_pid == core_id)	/* we just created the receive half */",
	"			{	/* add proxy send, store pid in proxy_pid_snd */",
	"				sprintf(cmdline, \"pan_proxy.exe -s %%s-Q%%d -Z%%d -Y%%d\",",
	"					o_cmdline, getpid(), core_id, worker_pids[proxy_pid]);",
	"				if (verbose) printf(\"cpu%%d: spawn %%s\\n\", core_id, cmdline);",
	"				is_parent = CreateProcess(0, cmdline, 0,0, FALSE, 0,0,0, &si, &pi);",
	"				if (is_parent == 0)",
	"				{	Uerror(\"fork failed\");",
	"				}",
	"				proxy_pid_snd = pi.dwProcessId;",
	"				proxy_handle_snd = pi.hProcess;",
	"				if (verbose)",
	"				{	cpu_printf(\"created core %%d, pid %%d (send proxy)\\n\",",
	"						core_id, pi.dwProcessId);",
	"		}	}	}",
	"		core_id = 0;		/* reset core_id for root process */",
	"	} else	/* worker */",
	"	{	static char db0[16];	/* good for up to 10^6 cores */",
	"		static char db1[16];",
	"		tprefix = db0; sprefix = db1;",
	"		sprintf(tprefix, \"cpu%%d_trail\", core_id);	/* avoid conflicts on file access */",
	"		sprintf(sprefix, \"cpu%%d_rst\", core_id);",
	"		memcnt = 0;	/* count only additionally allocated memory */",
	"	}",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"starting core_id %%d -- pid %%d\\n\", core_id, getpid());",
	"	}",
	"	if (core_id == 0 && !remote_party)",
	"	{	new_state();	/* root starts the search */",
	"		if (verbose)",
	"		cpu_printf(\"done with 1st dfs, nstates %%g (put %%d states), start reading q\\n\",",
	"			nstates, nstates_put);",
	"		dfs_phase2 = 1;",
	"	}",
	"	Read_Queue(core_id);	/* all cores */",
	"",
	"	if (verbose)",
	"	{	cpu_printf(\"put %%6d states into queue -- got %%6d\\n\",",
	"			nstates_put, nstates_get);",
	"	}",
	"	done = 1;",
	"	wrapup();",
	"	exit(0);",
	"}",
	"#endif", /* WIN32 || WIN64 */
	"",
	"#ifdef BITSTATE",
	"void",
	"init_SS(unsigned long n)",
	"{",
	"	SS = (uchar *) prep_shmid_S((size_t) n);",
	"	init_HT(0L);", /* locks and shared memory for Stack_Tree allocations */
	"}",
	"#endif", /* BITSTATE */
	"",
	"#endif", /* NCORE>1 */
	0,
};