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<title>How to install Ghostscript</title>
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<h1>How to install Ghostscript</h1>
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<h2>Table of contents</h2>
<blockquote><ul>
<li><a href="#Overview">Overview of how to install Ghostscript</a>
<li><a href="#Install_Unix">Installing Ghostscript on Unix</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Shared_object">Ghostscript as a shared object</a>
<li><a href="#Install_Linux">Additional notes on Linux</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#Install_Windows">Installing Ghostscript on MS Windows</a>
<li><a href="#Install_VMS">Installing Ghostscript on OpenVMS</a>
<li><a href="#Install_DOS">Installing Ghostscript on DOS</a>
<li><a href="#Install_OS2">Installing Ghostscript on OS/2 2.x</a>
</ul></blockquote>
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<p>For other information, see the <a href="Readme.htm">Ghostscript
overview</a> and "<a href="Make.htm">How to build Ghostscript from source
code</a>".
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<h2><a name="Overview"></a>Overview of how to install Ghostscript</h2>
<p>
You must have three things to run Ghostscript:
<ol>
<li>The Ghostscript executable file; on some operating
systems, more than one file is required. These are entirely
platform-specific. See below for details.
<li>Initialization files that Ghostscript reads in when it
starts up; these are the same on all platforms.
<ul>
<li><b><tt>gs_</tt></b>*<b><tt>.ps</tt></b> unless Ghostscript was compiled
using the "compiled initialization files" option. See the documentation of
<a href="Psfiles.htm">PostScript files distributed with Ghostscript</a>.
<li><b><tt>pdf_</tt></b>*<b><tt>.ps</tt></b> if Ghostscript was compiled
with the ability to interpret Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files,
that is, <b><tt>pdf.dev</tt></b> was included in
<b><tt>FEATURE_DEVS</tt></b> when Ghostscript was built.
<li><b><tt>Fontmap</tt></b> and <b><tt>Fontmap.GS</tt></b> (or the
appropriate <b><tt>Fontmap.</tt></b><em>xxx</em> for your platform), unless
you plan always to invoke Ghostscript with the <a
href="Use.htm#FONTMAP_switch"><b><tt>-dNOFONTMAP</tt></b> switch</a>.
</ul>
<li>Fonts, for rendering text. These are platform-independent,
but if you already have fonts of the right kind on your platform,
you may be able to use those. See below for details. Also see the
<a href="Fonts.htm">documentation on fonts</a>.
</ol>
<p>
The <a href="Use.htm">usage documentation</a> describes the search
algorithms used to find initialization files and font files. The
per-platform descriptions that follow tell you where to install these
files.
<hr>
<h2><a name="Install_Unix"></a>Installing Ghostscript on Unix</h2>
<p>
Ghostscript uses the common configure, build and install method common
to many modern software packages. In general the following with suffice
to build ghostscript:
<blockquote><tt><b>
./configure<br>
make
</b></tt></blockquote>
and then it may be installed in the default location with:
<blockquote><b>
<tt>make install</tt>
</b></blockquote>
This last command may need to be performed with super user privileges.
<p>
You can set the installation directory by adding <tt>--prefix=<em>path</em></tt>
to the configure invocation in the first step. The default prefix is <tt>/usr/local</tt>,
which is to say the <tt>gs</tt> executable is installed as <tt>/usr/local/bin/gs</tt>.
</p>A list of similar configuration options is available via <tt>./configure --help</tt>
<p>
For more detailed information on building Ghostscript see
<a href="Make.htm#Unix_build">how to build Ghostscript on Unix</a> in
the documentation on building Ghostscript, especially regarding information
on using the older <a href="Make.htm#UNIX_makefile">hand edited makefile</a>
approach. Whatever configuration method you use, execute "<b><tt>make
install</tt></b>" to install the executable and all the required and
ancillary files after the build is complete.
<h3><a name="Use_Acrobat_fonts_Unix"></a>Fonts</h3>
<p>
The makefile installs all the files except fonts under the directory
defined in the makefile as <b><tt>prefix</tt></b>. Fonts need to be
installed separately. The fonts should be installed in
<tt><em>{prefix}</em>/share/ghostscript/fonts</tt>.
(That is, <tt>/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/</tt> if you used the default
configuration above.)
<p>
If you have Adobe Acrobat installed, you can use the Acrobat fonts
in place of the ones distributed with with Ghostscript by adding the
Acrobat fonts directory to
<b><tt>GS_FONTPATH</tt></b> and removing these fonts from
<b><tt>Fontmap.GS</tt></b>:
<blockquote>
Courier, Courier-Bold, Courier-BoldOblique, Courier-Oblique, Helvetica,
Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-BoldOblique, Helvetica-Oblique, Symbol, Times-Bold,
Times-BoldItalic, Times-Italic, Times-Roman, ZapfDingbats
</blockquote>
<p>
Similarly, you can have ghostscript use other fonts on your system by adding
entries to the fontmap or adding the directories to the GS_FONTMAP environment
variable. See the <a href="Use.htm#Font_lookup">usage documentation</a> for more
information.
For example, many linux distributions place fonts under <tt>/usr/share/fonts</tt>.
<h3><a name="Shared_object"></a>Ghostscript as a shared object</h3>
If you've built Ghostscript as a shared object, instead of '<tt>make install</tt>',
you must use '<tt>make soinstall</tt>'.
See <a href="Make.htm#Shared_object">how to build Ghostscript
as a shared object</a> for more details.
<h3><a name="Install_Linux"></a>Additional notes on Linux</h3>
<p>
For Linux, you may be able to install or upgrade Ghostscript from
precompiled <a href="http://www.rpm.org">RPM</a> files using:
<blockquote><b><tt>
rpm -U ghostscript-N.NN-1.i386.rpm<br>
rpm -U ghostscript-fonts-N.NN-1.noarch.rpm
</tt></b></blockquote>
<p>
However, please note that we do not create RPMs for Ghostscript, and we take
no responsibility for RPMs created by others.
<hr>
<h2><a name="Install_Windows"></a>Installing Ghostscript on MS Windows</h2>
<p>
We usually distribute Ghostscript releases for Windows as self-extracting
archive files, since this is the most convenient form for users. These
files can also be unpacked as if they were plain zip files.
<p>
The self-extracting archive is normally named
<b><tt>gs###w32.exe</tt></b>,
where ### is the release number (e.g., 650 for Ghostscript 6.50,
700 for Ghostscript 7.00).
<h3><a name="Windows4"></a>Windows 95/98 and NT 4</h3>
<p>
To install a self-extracting Ghostscript archive on Windows 95/98 or
Windows NT4/2000, you need just this self-extracting archive file.
Run this file to install Ghostscript.
<p>
Alternatively, if you have the zip file, unzip it to a temporary
directory then run the included <b><tt>setupgs.exe</tt></b>.
After the setup program has finished, remove the temporary files.
<p>
After installing Ghostscript, it is strongly recommended that you
install the <b>GSview previewer</b>,
which provides an easier to use graphical interface for Ghostscript.
Information on GSview is available from:
<blockquote>
<a
href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/"
class="offsite">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/</a>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="General_Windows"></a>General Windows configuration</h3>
<p>
The archive includes files in these subdirectories:
<blockquote><b><tt>
gs<em>#.##</em>\bin
<br>gs<em>#.##</em>\lib
<br>gs<em>#.##</em>\examples
<br>gs<em>#.##</em>\doc
<br>fonts
</tt></b></blockquote>
<p>
The actual executable files, in the <b><tt>gs<em>#.##</em>\bin</tt></b>
subdirectory, are:
<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSWIN32.EXE</tt></b>
<td>
<td>32-bit Ghostscript using windows
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSWIN32C.EXE</tt></b>
<td>
<td>32-bit Ghostscript using only the command line
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSDLL32.DLL</tt></b>
<td>
<td>32-bit dynamic link library containing most of Ghostscript's
functionality
</table></blockquote>
<p>
See "<a href="#Install_DOS">Installing Ghostscript on DOS</a>" below for
information about using Adobe Type Manager, Adobe Type Basics, or Adobe
Acrobat fonts. If your system uses TrueType fonts, you can get them
converted to a Ghostscript-compatible format at the time you select your
"printer" by doing the following:
<blockquote><ol>
<li>Open control panel and double-click on the "Printers" icon.
<li>Select your PostScript printer.
<li>Choose Setup.
<li>Choose Options.
<li>Choose Advanced.
<li>At the top of the dialog box you will see TrueType Fonts Send to
Printer As: Choose <em>(drop-down menu)</em> Adobe Type 1.
<li>Uncheck Use Printer Fonts for All TrueType Fonts and Use
Substitution
Table.
<li>OK.
<li>OK etc.
</ol></blockquote>
<p>
That's it! Your TrueType fonts will automatically be downloaded in your
PostScript file for Ghostscript to use.
<p>
For printer devices, the default output is:
<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr valign=top> <td>The default printer
<td>
<td>Win95 or WinNT
<tr valign=top> <td>Prompt for a printer port
<td>
<td>Win32s (Windows 3.1)
</table></blockquote>
<p>
This can be modified as follows.
<blockquote>
<dl>
<dt><b><tt>-sOutputFile="LPT1:"</tt></b>
<dd>Output to the named port.
<dt><b><tt>-sOutputFile="%printer%printer name"</tt></b> (Windows 95, 98,
NT or 2000)
<dd>Output to the named printer. If your printer is named "HP DeskJet 500"
then you would use <tt>-sOutputFile="%printer%HP DeskJet 500"</tt>.
<dt><b><tt>-sOutputFile="\\spool\printer name"</tt></b> (Windows 3.1/Win32s)
<dd>Output to the named printer. Note that this is NOT a UNC name.
</dl>
</blockquote>
<p>
If Ghostscript fails to find an environment variable, it looks for a
registry value of the same name under the key
<blockquote><b><tt>
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\AFPL Ghostscript\#.##
</tt></b></blockquote>
<p>
or if that fails, under the key
<blockquote><b><tt>
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\AFPL Ghostscript\#.##
</tt></b></blockquote>
<p>
where #.## is the Ghostscript version number. This does not work under
Win32s (that is, Windows 3.1, which doesn't support named registry
values).
<p>
Ghostscript will attempt to load the Ghostscript dynamic link
library <b><tt>GSDLL32.DLL</tt></b> in the following order:
<ul>
<li> In the same directory as the Ghostscript executable.
<li> If the environment variable <b><tt>GS_DLL</tt></b> is defined,
Ghostscript tries to load the Ghostscript dynamic link library (DLL)
with the name given.
<li> Using the standard Windows library search method: the directory
from which the application loaded, the current directory, the Windows
system directory, the Windows directory and the directories listed in
the PATH environment variable.
</ul>
<p>
The Ghostscript setup program will create registry values
for the environment variables <b><tt>GS_LIB</tt></b>
and <b><tt>GS_DLL</tt></b>.
<h3><a name="Uninstall_Windows"></a>Uninstalling Ghostscript on Windows</h3>
<p>
To uninstall Ghostscript, use the Control Panel, Add/Remove Programs and
remove "Ghostscript #.##" and "Ghostscript Fonts". (The entries may be
called "Aladdin Ghostscript" or "AFPL Ghostscript", rather than just
"Ghostscript", depending on what version of Ghostscript was installed.)
<hr>
<h2><a name="Install_VMS"></a>Installing Ghostscript on OpenVMS</h2>
<p>
You need the file <b><tt>GS.EXE</tt></b> to run Ghostscript on OpenVMS, and
installing Ghostscript on an OpenVMS system requires building it first:
please read <a href="Make.htm#VMS_build">how to build Ghostscript on VMS</a>
in the documentation on building Ghostscript.
<p>
The following installation steps assume that the Ghostscript directory is
<b><tt>DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT]</tt></b>. Yours will almost certainly be in
a different location so adjust the following commands accordingly.
<ul>
<li>Download the fonts and unpack them into
<b><tt>DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT.LIB]</tt></b>.
<li>Enable access to the program and support files for all users with:
<blockquote><pre>
$ set file/prot=w:re DISK1:[DIR]GHOSTSCRIPT.dir
$ set file/prot=w:re DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT...]*.*
</pre></blockquote>
<li>Optionally, add the Ghostscript help instructions to your system wide
help file:
<blockquote><pre>
$ lib/help sys$help:HELPLIB.HLB DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT.DOC]GS-VMS.HLP
</pre></blockquote>
<li>Lastly, add the following lines to the appropriate system wide or user
specific login script.
<blockquote><pre>
$ define gs_exe DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT.BIN]
$ define gs_lib DISK1:[DIR.GHOSTSCRIPT.EXE]
$ gs :== $gs_exe:gs.exe
</pre></blockquote>
</ul>
<p>
If you have DECWindows/Motif installed, you may wish to replace the
<b><tt>FONTMAP.GS</tt></b> file with <b><tt>FONTMAP.VMS</tt></b>. Read the
comment at the beginning of the latter file for more information.
<hr>
<h2><a name="Install_DOS"></a>Installing Ghostscript on DOS</h2>
<p>
You need the files <b><tt>GS386.EXE</tt></b> and <b><tt>DOS4GW.EXE</tt></b>
to run Ghostscript. You should install all the files except the fonts in
<b><tt>C:\GS</tt></b>, and the fonts in <b><tt>C:\GS\FONTS</tt></b>.
<p><a name="Use_platform_fonts_DOS"></a> If you have Adobe Type Manager
(ATM) fonts installed on your system, and you wish to use them with
Ghostscript, you may wish to replace the <b><tt>FONTMAP</tt></b> file with
<b><tt>FONTMAP.ATM</tt></b>, and to add to the environment variable
<b><tt>GS_LIB</tt></b> the name of the directory where the fonts are located
(see <a href="Use.htm#Finding_files">Use.htm</a> for more information
about <b><tt>GS_LIB</tt></b>). Before you
do this, please read carefully the license that accompanies the ATM fonts;
we take no responsibility for any possible violations of such licenses.
Similarly, if you have Adobe Type Basics, you may wish to replace
<b><tt>FONTMAP</tt></b> with <b><tt>FONTMAP.ATB</tt></b>. Finally, if you
have neither ATM nor ATB but you have Adobe Acrobat installed, you can use
the Acrobat fonts in place of the ones provided with Ghostscript by adding
the Acrobat fonts directory to <b><tt>GS_FONTPATH</tt></b> and removing
these fonts from <b><tt>FONTMAP</tt></b>:
<blockquote>
Courier, Courier-Bold, Courier-BoldOblique, Courier-Oblique, Helvetica,
Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-BoldOblique, Helvetica-Oblique, Symbol, Times-Bold,
Times-BoldItalic, Times-Italic, Times-Roman, ZapfDingbats
</blockquote>
<hr>
<h2><a name="Install_OS2"></a>Installing Ghostscript on OS/2 2.x</h2>
<p>
The Ghostscript OS/2 implementation is designed for OS/2 2.1 or later. A
few people have used it successfully under OS/2 2.0, but it has had very
little testing. You need these files to run Ghostscript on OS/2:
<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b>
<td>
<td>A text application that will run windowed or full screen
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSDLL2.DLL</tt></b>
<td>
<td>A dynamic link library that must be in the same directory as
<b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b> or on the <b><tt>LIBPATH</tt></b>.
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>GSPMDRV.EXE</tt></b>
<td>
<td>An "external driver" used by the "<b><tt>os2pm</tt></b>"
device, which is normally the default device and which displays
output in a Presentation Manager window;
<b><tt>GSPMDRV.EXE</tt></b> must be located in the same
directory as <b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b> or on the
<b><tt>PATH</tt></b>
</table></blockquote>
<p>
<b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b>, <b><tt>GSDLL2.DLL</tt></b> and
<b><tt>GSPMDRV.EXE</tt></b> are compiled using EMX/GCC 0.9d. You must have
the EMX DLLs on your <b><tt>LIBPATH</tt></b>; they are available in a
package <b><tt>emxrt.zip</tt></b> from many places on the Internet, so you
can find the package by using a search engine or an ftp lookup service such
as the one at
<blockquote>
<a href="http://ftpsearch.lycos.com/"
class="offset">http://ftpsearch.lycos.com/</a>
</blockquote>
<p>
The system menu of the Ghostscript Image window includes a "Copy" command
to copy the currently displayed bitmap to the Clipboard.
<p>
OS/2 comes with some Adobe Type Manager fonts. If you wish to use these with
Ghostscript, you should replace the <b><tt>FONTMAP</tt></b> file with
<b><tt>FONTMAP.OS2</tt></b>, and add to the environment variable
<b><tt>GS_LIB</tt></b> (see <a href="Use.htm#Finding_files">Use.htm</a>
for more information about
<b><tt>GS_LIB</tt></b>) the name of the directory where the fonts are
located, usually <b><tt>C:\PSFONTS</tt></b>. Before you do this, please
read carefully the license that accompanies the ATM fonts; we take no
responsibility for any possible violations of such licenses.
<p>
Since <b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b> is not a PM application, it cannot
determine the depth of the PM display. You must provide this information
using the <b><tt>-dBitsPerPixel</tt></b> option. Valid values are 1, 4, 8
(the default), and 24.
<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr valign=bottom>
<th align=left>Use
<td>
<th align=left>For
<tr> <td colspan=3><hr>
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>-dBitsPerPixel=1</tt></b>
<td>
<td>VGA monochrome
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>-dBitsPerPixel=4</tt></b>
<td>
<td>VGA standard
<tr valign=top> <td><b><tt>-dBitsPerPixel=8</tt></b>
<td>
<td>SVGA 256 colors
</table></blockquote>
<p>
A command file <b><tt>gspm.cmd</tt></b> containing the following line may
be useful:
<blockquote><b><tt>
@c:\gs\gsos2.exe -Ic:/gs;c:/gs/fonts;c:/psfonts -sDEVICE=os2pm -dBitsPerPixel=8 -sPAPERSIZE=a4 %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8
</tt></b></blockquote>
<p>
While drawing, the <b><tt>os2pm</tt></b> driver updates the display every 5
seconds. On slow computers this is undesirable, and a different interval
can be specified in milliseconds with the <b><tt>-dUpdateInterval</tt></b>
option, with a default of <b><tt>-dUpdateInterval=5000</tt></b>; to disable
update, use <b><tt>-dUpdateInterval=0</tt></b>.
<p>
Standard VGA is very slow because it uses double buffering to avoid bugs
and because of 1-plane to 4-plane conversion; it's better to use a
256-color display driver. Many display drivers have bugs which cause 1
bit-per-pixel bitmaps to be displayed incorrectly.
<p>
<b><tt>GSOS2.EXE</tt></b> and <b><tt>GSPMDRV.EXE</tt></b> will stay in
memory for the number of minutes specified in the environment variable
<b><tt>GS_LOAD</tt></b>.
<p>
If you run <b><tt>GS386</tt></b> in the OS/2 2.0 or 2.1 DOS box, you must
select the "ENABLED" setting for the DPMI_DOS_API option of the DOS box.
<b><tt>GS386</tt></b> will not run with the "AUTO" setting.
<p>
For printer devices, output goes to the default queue. To print to a
specified queue, use <b><tt>-sOutputFile=\\spool\NullLPT1</tt></b>, where
<b><tt>NullLPT1</tt></b> is the queue's physical name.
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<p>
<small>Copyright © 1996, 2000 Aladdin Enterprises. All rights
reserved.</small>
<p>
This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
implied.
This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.
For more information about licensing, please refer to
http://www.ghostscript.com/licensing/. For information on
commercial licensing, go to http://www.artifex.com/licensing/ or
contact Artifex Software, Inc., 101 Lucas Valley Road #110,
San Rafael, CA 94903, U.S.A., +1(415)492-9861.
<p>
<small>Ghostscript version 8.53, 20 October 2005
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